And His sovereignty, if it is above all His creation:
How could He be in need of His creation or His Throne? Or how does His exaltation over His creation necessitate this need while it is not necessitated in the created beings?
And it is known that whatever is established for a created being in terms of independence from others, the Creator, glorified and exalted be He, is more deserving and more entitled to it. Likewise, His saying:
{Do you feel secure that He who is in the heaven will not cause the earth to swallow you, and suddenly it will sway?}
Whoever imagines that the implication of this verse is that Allah is inside the heavens is an ignorant and misguided person by consensus.
And if we say:
Indeed, the sun and the moon are in the sky, it does not necessitate that the preposition (in) relates to what is before it and what is after it -
It is according to what is added to it, and for this reason, a distinction is made between the existence of something in a place, the existence of a body in a space, the existence of an attribute in a body, the existence of a face in a mirror, and the existence of speech in a paper. For each type of these types has a characteristic that distinguishes it from others, even if the preposition (in) is used in that. So if someone said:
Is the Throne in the sky or on the earth?
It would be said in the sky, and if it were said:
Is Paradise in the sky or on the earth? It would be said Paradise is in the sky;
And this does not necessitate that the Throne is inside the heavens, nor even Paradise, for it is established in the authentic hadith from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that he said:
{When you ask Allah for Paradise, ask Him for Al-Firdaus, for it is the highest part of Paradise and the middle of Paradise, and its roof is the Throne of the Most Merciful.}
So this Paradise, its roof, which is the Throne, is above the celestial spheres. While Paradise is in
وَمَلِيكُهُ إذَا كَانَ فَوْقَ جَمِيعِ خَلْقِهِ:
كَيْفَ يَجِبُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مُحْتَاجًا إلَى خَلْقِهِ أَوْ عَرْشِهِ؟ أَوْ كَيْفَ يَسْتَلْزِمُ عُلُوُّهُ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ هَذَا الِافْتِقَارَ وَهُوَ لَيْسَ بِمُسْتَلْزَمِ فِي الْمَخْلُوقَاتِ؟
وَقَدْ عُلِمَ أَنَّ مَا ثَبَتَ لِمَخْلُوقِ مِنْ الْغِنَى عَنْ غَيْرِهِ فَالْخَالِقُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى أَحَقُّ بِهِ وَأَوْلَى وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ:
{أَأَمِنْتُمْ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاءِ أَنْ يَخْسِفَ بِكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فَإِذَا هِيَ تَمُورُ}
مَنْ تَوَهَّمَ أَنَّ مُقْتَضَى هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ أَنْ يَكُونَ اللَّهُ فِي دَاخِلِ السَّمَوَاتِ فَهُوَ جَاهِلٌ ضَالٌّ بِالِاتِّفَاقِ،
وَإِنْ كُنَّا إذَا قُلْنَا:
إنَّ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ فِي السَّمَاءِ يَقْتَضِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنَّ حَرْفَ (فِي مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِمَا قَبْلَهُ وَبِمَا بَعْدَهُ -
فَهُوَ بِحَسَبِ الْمُضَافِ إلَيْهِ وَلِهَذَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ كَوْنِ الشَّيْءِ فِي الْمَكَانِ وَكَوْنِ الْجِسْمِ فِي الْحَيِّزِ وَكَوْنِ الْعَرَضِ فِي الْجِسْمِ وَكَوْنِ الْوَجْهِ فِي الْمِرْآةِ وَكَوْنِ الْكَلَامِ فِي الْوَرَقِ فَإِنَّ لِكُلِّ نَوْعٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَنْوَاعِ خَاصَّةً يَتَمَيَّزُ بِهَا عَنْ غَيْرِهِ وَإِنْ كَانَ حَرْفُ (فِي مُسْتَعْمَلًا فِي ذَلِكَ فَلَوْ قَالَ قَائِلٌ:
الْعَرْشُ فِي السَّمَاءِ أَوْ فِي الْأَرْضِ؟
لَقِيلَ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَلَوْ قِيلَ:
الْجَنَّةُ فِي السَّمَاءِ أَمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ؟ لَقِيلَ الْجَنَّةُ فِي السَّمَاءِ؛
وَلَا يَلْزَمُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْعَرْشُ دَاخِلَ السَّمَوَاتِ بَلْ وَلَا الْجَنَّةُ فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ:
{إذَا سَأَلْتُمْ اللَّهَ الْجَنَّةَ فَاسْأَلُوهُ الْفِرْدَوْسَ فَإِنَّهُ أَعْلَى الْجَنَّةِ وَأَوْسَطُ الْجَنَّةِ وَسَقْفُهَا عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَنِ}
فَهَذِهِ الْجَنَّةُ سَقْفُهَا الَّذِي هُوَ الْعَرْشُ فَوْقَ الْأَفْلَاكِ. مَعَ أَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ فِي