For that reason the early Muslims stipulated, in their pacts with the ahl al-dhimma, that the dhimmīs’ women keep their calves and feet uncovered so that they would not resemble Muslim women, as recorded in Iqtidaʾ al-Ṣirāṭ al-Mustaqīm Mukhālafat Aṣḥāb al-Jaḥīm ⦗59⦘.1
Next, after Allah—exalted is He—had clarified in the preceding verse, the Verse of Light, what a woman must hide of her adornment from unrelated men and before whom she may display it, He commanded her in another verse that, when she leaves her home, she drape over her clothes and head-covering a jilbāb or loose cloak; for that is more concealing and more dignified for her conduct. He said:
“O Prophet, tell your wives, your daughters, and the believing women to draw their outer garments over themselves. That is likelier that they will be recognized and not molested. Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.” [33:59]
When this verse was revealed, the women of the Anṣār came out with their heads looking as though crows had settled upon them