On the authority of Salman (may Allah be pleased with him) it is related that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

“Three people Allah will neither speak to nor purify, and for them is a painful punishment: an elderly man whose hair has turned grey yet still commits adultery; a destitute man who is arrogant; and a man who has taken Allah as his merchandise—he never buys except by swearing an oath, and never sells except by swearing an oath.” (1) Reported by al-Ṭabarani with a sound chain of transmission.

Biographical notes (al-tarājim):
Salman—most likely Abū ʿAbd Allah, Salman al-Fārisi—was originally from Isfahan or Rām Hormuz. He embraced Islam when the Prophet (peace be upon him) arrived in Madinah, witnessed the Battle of the Trench and other campaigns, and died in 36 AH (may Allah be pleased with him).

“Allah will not speak to them”: a stern threat, for Allah does speak to the people of faith.

“Nor purify them”: meaning He will neither commend them nor cleanse them of the stain of their sins.

“And for them is a painful punishment”: one that is intensely agonizing; the magnitude of their sin warrants a grave penalty.

“Ushaymiṭ”: the diminutive of ashmaṭ—one whose hair is streaked with grey; the diminutive belittles him.

“An adulterer”: he commits the vile act of fornication despite his advanced age.

“A destitute man who is arrogant”: al-ʿāʾil means a poor person; he displays arrogance even though he is needy. Arrogance (kibr) is rejecting the truth and belittling people.

“He has taken Allah as his merchandise”: that is, he treats swearing by Allah as stock-in-trade because of the frequency