“There is no Owner but Allah”: this rebuts whoever assumes such a title, for he has set himself up as a partner with Allah in what is uniquely His.

“Shāhanshāh”: among the Persians this term means “King of kings.” It is cited here only as an example, not as a comprehensive list.

“In another wording”: namely the version recorded by Muslim in his Ṣaḥīḥ.

“Aghyaḍu rajul” (the man who most provokes wrath): the word ghayẓ denotes anger and loathing, meaning that he becomes hateful to Allah.

“Wa-akhbathuh” (and the most wicked): that is, the most corrupt—vile in Allah’s sight and subject to His wrath.

Overall meaning of the hadith: The Prophet ﷺ informs us that the lowest of people before Allah is the one who adopts a name conveying majesty and grandeur that belong to Allah alone, such as “King of kings.” Doing so constitutes imitation of Allah, for the person claims for himself—or has claimed for him—a status equal to Allah’s. Hence, anyone who takes such a name is among the most detested and wicked in Allah’s estimation.

Connection of the hadith to this chapter: It proves the prohibition of adopting titles like “Judge of judges,” by analogy with the censure and warning concerning the title “King of kings.”

Benefits drawn from the hadith:
1- The prohibition of styling oneself “Judge of judges” and similar titles.
2- The obligation to revere the Names of Allah, exalted be He.
3- The encouragement to be humble and to choose names and honorifics that befit created beings.