In the authentic collection it is reported from Abū Hurayrah – may Allah be pleased with him – that the Prophet ﷺ said: “Allah, the Exalted, says: ‘The son of Adam offends Me: he reviles Time, yet I am Time; I alternate the night and the day.’” In another wording: “Do not revile Time, for Allah is Time.” (1)
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fi l-ṣaḥīḥ: i.e. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī.
yuʾdhīnī: meaning, he disparages Me.
yasubbu ’l-dahr: i.e. he censures and blames it when calamities strike.
wa-anā ’l-dahr: that is, I am the One who owns Time and directs the affairs they attribute to it.
uqallibu ’l-layla wa ’l-nahār: by causing them to alternate and by everything good and bad that occurs within them.
wa-fī riwāyah: i.e. in Muslim and others.
fa-inna ’llāha huwa ’l-dahr: meaning, He is the One who brings about within Time whatever good or evil He wills.

Overall meaning of the hadith: The Messenger ﷺ relates from his Lord, Exalted is He, that whoever reviles Time when misfortunes and hardships descend is in fact reviling Allah Himself and offending Him by this implicit disparagement, for He alone carries out these actions. Time is merely a created entity, subjugated, a span in which events unfold by Allah’s command.

Relevance of the hadith to the chapter: it makes clear that whoever reviles Time has offended Allah, namely: