Kalimah ("a word"): in the accusative, serving as an appositive to the phrase lā ilāha illā Allāh.

Aḥāj: with the jīm doubled and vocalised with fatḥah; it is in the jussive mood as the apodosis of the imperative. Derived from muḥājjah (presenting one’s proof), meaning: “I will testify for you with it before Allah.”

A-targhab? – Do you turn away?
A-tatruk? – Do you abandon?

Millat ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib: polytheism and idol-worship. He reminded him of the pagans’ argument: “Indeed, we found our fathers on a religion” (Q 43:22).

The Prophet then repeated his request to him—that is, he restated his words: “My uncle, say lā ilāha illā Allāh.”

And the two of them repeated their objection—Abū Jahl and ʿAbd Allāh reiterated their words: “Will you turn away from the religion of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib?”

“He is on the religion of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib”: the narrator replaced the first-person pronoun with the third-person out of distaste for uttering that expression.

“And he refused to say lā ilāha illā Allāh”: this confirms the preceding statement.

“It is not for the Prophet”: meaning it is not proper; the clause conveys a prohibition.

General meaning of the hadith: Abū Ṭālib shielded the Prophet ﷺ from the harm of his people, granting him a protection unmatched by anyone else. The Prophet ﷺ was therefore eager for his guidance. When Abū Ṭālib fell ill and was in the throes of death, the Prophet visited him and invited him to embrace Islam so that the final act of his life might secure salvation and happiness. He asked him to utter the word of monotheism. The idol-worshippers, however, urged him to remain upon the religion of his forefathers—polytheism—knowing that this word negates shirk and dedicates worship exclusively to Allah alone. The Prophet ﷺ renewed his request that his uncle pronounce the testimony, while the polytheists renewed their opposition and persisted