alongside a restricted text, what course of action must we follow? Support your answer with an example.

The Ambiguous and the Clarified
20 – Define the mujmal (ambiguous expression) in its linguistic and technical senses, and give an illustration.
– What is the mubayyan (clarified text), and by what means is clarification achieved? Provide an example.

The Apparent and the Interpreted
21 – What is the ẓāhir (apparent text) linguistically and technically, and what does your definition exclude?
– What is the ruling on acting upon the apparent meaning?
– What is the muʾawwal (interpreted text)?
– Into how many categories is taʾwīl (interpretation) divided? Illustrate each.

Abrogation
22 – Define naskh (abrogation) linguistically and technically, state what your definition purposefully excludes, and mention what is impermissible to abrogate, together with the rationale. What are the conditions for valid abrogation?
23 – List the types of abrogation, first in view of the text that is abrogated and then in view of the abrogating text, giving an example for every type. What is the wisdom underlying abrogation?
– What is the rational evidence for its permissibility and the scriptural evidence for its actual occurrence?

Reports
24 – Define khabar (report) linguistically and technically.
– Enumerate the categories of the Prophet’s ﷺ actions, stating the legal ruling for each and furnishing examples. What is the ruling on his ﷺ tacit approval?
– If something occurred during his lifetime without his knowledge, what is its legal status, and what is the proof?