al-Usul min Ilm al-UsulIbn al-'Uthaymin

2 – When no proof exists for restricting the general import of either text by the other, one follows the view that is weightier.
Example: his ﷺ saying, “When one of you enters the mosque, he must not sit down until he has prayed two rakʿahs” (1), and his saying, “No prayer is to be performed after Fajr until the sun rises, nor after ʿAsr until the sun sets” (2).
The first report is specific to the mosque-greeting prayer (taḥiyyat al-masjid) yet general with respect to time; the second is specific to time yet general with respect to the type of prayer, covering the mosque-greeting and all others. The preferred approach is therefore to restrict the general wording of the second text by the first, so the mosque-greeting remains permissible during the times in which voluntary prayers are otherwise forbidden. This preference is adopted because the generality of the second text is already curtailed for things other than the mosque-greeting—such as making up a missed obligatory prayer or repeating the congregational prayer—thereby weakening its unrestricted scope.

3 – If there is neither evidence nor any factor of preference for restricting the general wording of either by the other, both must be applied in whatever does not place them in conflict, and one must suspend judgment regarding the very point at which they do appear to conflict.

Yet a genuine contradiction between textual evidences on the same matter cannot occur with regard to

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari, Sahih, no. 444, Book of Prayer, chap. 60: “If someone enters the mosque, he should pray two rak‘ahs.” Also by Muslim, Sahih, no. 714, Book of the Prayer of Travellers and its Shortening, chap. 5: “The permissibility of combining two prayers while travelling.” (2) Reported by al-Bukhari, Sahih, no. 586, Book of the Fixed Times of Prayer, chap. 31: “One should not seek to pray just before sunset.” Also by Muslim, Sahih, no. 827, Book of the Prayer of Travellers and its Shortening, chap. 51: “The times in which prayer is prohibited.”
٢ - وإن لم يقم دليل على تخصيص عموم أحدهما بالآخر عمل بالراجح. مثال ذلك: قوله ﷺ: «إذا دخل أحدكم المسجد فلا يجلس حتى يصلي ركعتين» (١) وقوله: «لا صلاة بعد الصبح حتى تطلع الشمس، ولا صلاة بعد العصر حتى تغرب الشمس» (٢). فالأول خاص في تحية المسجد عام في الوقت، والثاني خاص في الوقت عام في الصلاة، يشمل تحية المسجد وغيرها لكن الراجح تخصيص عموم الثاني بالأول، فتجوز تحية المسجد في الأوقات المنهي عن عموم الصلاة فيها، وإنما رجحنا ذلك لأن تخصيص عموم الثاني قد ثبت بغير تحية المسجد؛ كقضاء المفروضة وإعادة الجماعة؛ فضعف عمومه. ٣ - وإن لم يقم دليل ولا مرجح لتخصيص عموم أحدهما بالثاني، وجب العمل بكل منهما فيما لا يتعارضان فيه، والتوقف في الصورة التي يتعارضان فيها. لكن لا يمكن التعارض بين النصوص في نفس الأمر على
(١) رواه البخاري «٤٤٤» كتاب الصلاة، ٦٠ - باب إذا دخل المسجد فليركع ركعتين. ومسلم «٧١٤» كتاب صلاة المسافرين وقصرها، ٥ - باب جواز الجمع بين الصلاتين في السفر. (٢) رواه البخاري «٥٨٦» كتاب مواقيت الصلاة، ٣١ - باب لا يتحرى الصلاة قبل غروب الشمس، ومسلم «٨٢٧» كتاب صلاة المسافرين وقصرها، ٥١ - باب الأوقالت التي نهي عن الصلاة فيها.

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