4 – If no factor of preference can be found, one must withhold judgment; no sound example of this exists.
Second category: when the apparent contradiction is between two specific texts, four situations likewise arise.
1 – If they can be reconciled, reconciliation is mandatory.
Example: the report of Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him) describing the Prophet’s ﷺ pilgrimage, stating that the Prophet ﷺ performed the noon prayer on the Day of Sacrifice in Mecca (1), and the report of Ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them) that he performed it in Mina (2). The two are harmonised by saying that he prayed it in Mecca, and when he left for Mina he repeated it there with the companions who were present.
2 – If reconciliation is impossible and the chronology is known, the later text abrogates the earlier.
Example: Allah’s words, “O Prophet, We have made lawful for you your wives to whom you have given their bridal due, those whom your right hand possesses from what Allah has granted you, and the daughters of your paternal uncles and aunts…” (al-Aḥzāb 50), and His words, “It is no longer lawful for you to take more women after this, nor to exchange them for other wives, even though their beauty may please you…” (al-Aḥzāb 52).