Conflict (taʿāruḍ)

Definition:
Linguistically, taʿāruḍ denotes opposition and mutual prevention. Technically, it refers to the opposition of two proofs such that each contradicts the other.

The kinds of conflict are four:

First: conflict between two general proofs, which itself has four situations:

1 – If the two proofs can be reconciled by assigning each of them to a circumstance in which it does not contradict the other, reconciliation is obligatory.
Example: Allah says to His Prophet ﷺ, “And indeed you guide to a straight path” (ash-Shūrā 52), and He also says, “Indeed, you do not guide whom you love” (al-Qaṣaṣ 56). The reconciliation is that the first verse speaks of the guidance of pointing out the truth, which is affirmed for the Messenger ﷺ, while the second speaks of the guidance of granting success to act, which is in Allah’s hand alone—neither the Messenger ﷺ nor anyone else possesses it.

2 – If reconciliation is impossible, then, when the chronology is known, the later text abrogates the earlier, and only the later is implemented.
Example: Regarding fasting, Allah says, “So whoever volunteers a good act, it is better for him; and to fast is better for you” (al-Baqarah 184). This verse indicates