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The Almighty says: “And thus We have made you a middle nation so that you may be witnesses over mankind” (Qur’an 2:143). The phrase “witnesses over mankind” covers bearing witness to people’s deeds and to the rulings that apply to those deeds, and the statement of a recognised witness is accepted.
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He also says: “If you disagree about anything, refer it back to Allah and the Messenger” (Qur’an 4:59). This verse shows that whatever they unanimously agree upon is the truth.
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The Prophet ﷺ said: “My Ummah will never agree upon misguidance.” (1)
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Moreover, we argue as follows: if the Ummah’s consensus on a matter is true, it is obviously binding proof; but if it were false, how could it be imagined that this Ummah— the most honoured of all communities before Allah from the time of its Prophet until the Day of Resurrection— could unanimously adopt something false and displeasing to Allah? Such a supposition is utterly impossible.
Kinds of Consensus
Consensus is of two types: definitive and presumptive.
- Definitive consensus is that whose occurrence among the Ummah is known beyond doubt, such as the consensus