nor in the Last Day, who do not forbid what Allah and His Messenger have forbidden, and who do not follow the religion of truth—among those who were given the Scripture—until they pay the jizyah directly and in willing humiliation” (al-Tawbah 9:29).

An example of the Sunnah being specified by the Sunnah is the Prophet’s statement, “On crops watered by rainfall a tithe is due” (1), which is restricted by his statement, “No zakah is taken from less than five awsuq” (2).

I have found no instance of the Sunnah being delimited by consensus.

An example of the Sunnah being delimited by analogy is the Prophet’s statement, “When a virgin fornicator is with a virgin, the punishment is one hundred lashes and banishment for a year” (3). According to the well-known view, this is qualified by analogising the male slave to the bond-woman, thereby halving the punishment to fifty lashes.