And an example of what is specific is the Almighty’s words: “just as We sent a messenger to Pharaoh, but Pharaoh defied the messenger, so We seized him with a devastating grasp” (al-Muzzammil 73:15-16).
As for a noun made definite by the generic al, it does not cover every individual. If you say, “Man is better than woman,” or, “Men are better than women,” the intent is not that every single man is better than every single woman; rather, what is meant is that this genus, taken collectively, is superior to that genus—even though among women there may be individuals who are better than some men.
Acting upon the general wording:
One must adhere to the full scope of a general expression until a restriction is established, for the texts of the Quran and the Sunnah are binding according to what their wording indicates, unless proof arises to the contrary.
If a general statement is revealed for a particular circumstance, it must still be applied in its full generality, because the criterion is the breadth of the wording, not the specificity of the occasion—unless other evidence confines the general ruling to situations resembling the case for which it was revealed; in that event it is limited to what resembles it.
An example where no evidence restricts the ruling is the verses about ẓihār: their occasion was the ẓihār pronounced by Aws ibn al-Sāmit, yet the ruling applies to him and to everyone else.
An example where evidence does indicate restriction is his ﷺ saying, “It is not an act of piety to fast while traveling” (1), for the occasion was that the Prophet ﷺ was on a journey and saw—