An example of a prohibition that bears on the very substance of an act of worship is the ban on fasting on the two festival days.

An example of a prohibition that bears on the substance of a transaction is the ban on buying and selling after the second call to Friday prayer for those upon whom Friday prayer is obligatory.

An example of a prohibition that targets a condition of an act of worship is the ban on a man’s wearing a silk garment. Covering the private parts is a condition for the validity of the prayer; if he covers himself with a garment whose use has been prohibited, the prayer is invalid because the prohibition has attached to one of its conditions.

An example of a prohibition that targets a condition of a transaction is the ban on selling an unborn fetus; knowledge of the object of sale is a condition for the validity of the sale, so if one sells the fetus the sale is invalid because the prohibition has attached to one of its conditions.

An example of a prohibition that relates to an external factor in worship is the ban on a man’s wearing a silk turban. If he were to pray while wearing a silk turban, his prayer would not be invalidated, because the prohibition does not attach to the prayer itself or to any of its conditions.

An example of a prohibition that relates to an external factor in transactions is the ban on cheating. If someone sells something while cheating, the sale is not invalidated, because the prohibition does not attach to the sale itself or to any of its conditions.

The prohibitive form may also shift from the sense of outright unlawfulness to convey other meanings when evidence requires it. Among these meanings are:

1 – Dislikedness (karāhah). The scholars illustrate this with the Prophet’s ﷺ statement: “None of you should touch his private part with his right hand while he is urinating.” (1) The majority have held that the prohibition here