an obligation; hence an unrestricted command of the Messenger ﷺ signifies that the act enjoined is obligatory.
Evidence that the command also demands immediacy is found in the Almighty’s words: “So compete with one another in good works” (Q 2:148; 5:48). All legally prescribed acts are good, and the order to compete in them indicates the necessity of prompt execution.
Another proof is that the Prophet ﷺ disliked the people’s delay in performing the sacrifice and head-shaving he had ordered on the day of al-Ḥudaybiyyah, to the point that he entered upon Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased with her, and told her what he had encountered from the people. (1)
Hastening to act is also safer and more exonerating, whereas delay brings harms and causes duties to accumulate until one is unable to fulfil them.
Nonetheless, the imperative can be diverted from obligation and immediacy when there is evidence to that effect, so that it carries other meanings, among them:
- Recommendation: as in the Almighty’s words, “Call witnesses when you conclude a sale” (Q 2:282). The command to summon witnesses for a sale is merely recommended, as shown by the fact that the Prophet ﷺ bought a horse from a Bedouin without calling any witnesses. (2)