deeds are most beloved to Allah?”
He replied, “The prayer performed at its appointed time.”
I asked, “Then which?”
He said, “Honouring one’s parents.”
I asked, “Then which?”
He answered, “Striving in the path of Allah.”
Saʿd al-Shaybānī added, “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ recounted these three to me, and had I asked him for more, he would certainly have mentioned more.”
Lexical Notes
• “Prayer performed at its appointed time” refers to the obligatory prayer, for that is what the term denotes when left unqualified.
• “Ayy” (“which”) is an interrogative pronoun that is fully declined; some grammarians say it is written without tanwīn because of an implied construct relation.
Overall Meaning
Ibn Masʿūd (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Prophet ﷺ which acts of obedience are dearest to Allah. The more beloved a deed is to Allah, the greater the reward attached to it.
The Prophet ﷺ clarified that the most beloved act is the obligatory prayer observed within its prescribed time, for it reflects prompt response to Allah’s call, compliance with His command, and veneration of this momentous duty.
Eager for further guidance, Ibn Masʿūd asked about the next level. The Prophet named honouring one’s parents, for after Allah’s exclusive right comes the parents’ right. Allah often couples the command to worship Him alone with the directive to treat parents well, recognising their role in bringing a child into existence, nurturing, feeding, protecting, and showing affection. Kindness to them merely repays a portion of their due.
Ibn Masʿūd then inquired about a third rung in this ladder of virtues, and the Prophet answered: striving in the path of Allah. Jihād is the summit and backbone of Islam; through it the word of Allah is exalted and His religion spreads. Its abandonment—Allah forbid—would erode Islam, degrade its people, strip them of honour, dominion, and sovereignty.
Thus jihād is a binding duty upon every Muslim. Whoever neither participates in it nor even entertains the intention to do so dies possessing a share of hypocrisy.