Unfamiliar terms
Yamīn ṣabr (a persevering, tenacious oath): the word yamīn (oath) is annexed to ṣabr, the latter being spelled with an open ṣād and a silent bāʾ. Linguistically, ṣabr means “restraint” or “detention.” The oath is described as ṣabr by way of metaphor, for the restraint here lies upon the swearer, who is held and bound by the oath he has made.

Overall meaning
This ḥadith contains a severe warning for anyone who seizes another person’s property without right—doing so by means of brazen litigation and a sinful, lying oath. Such a person will meet Allah while Allah is angry with him, and whoever earns Allah’s anger is ruined. The Prophet ﷺ then recited the noble verse in question, thus confirming this emphatic Qurʾānic threat.

Its purport is that those who barter away the covenant they owe Allah, together with their lying, sinful oaths, for the paltry enjoyments of worldly life will have no share in the Hereafter. On that momentous Day they will receive neither a portion of Allah’s grace and mercy nor any purification from their sins and filth, nor will they be remembered in the highest assembly in a manner that pleases them. Instead, a painful punishment awaits them, because their actions involved deceiving Allah and His Messenger, preferring the life of this world to the next, consuming people’s wealth unjustly, and employing trickery in lawsuits and claims.

These are precisely the hallmarks of the Jews, who fling themselves after material gain by every means, even the most base, contemptible and vile. Whoever wishes to adopt their traits, smear himself with their morals and tread their path so as to be resurrected in their company—let him do as they do, for Allah shows no favoritism. People’s ranks with Him are determined by their deeds. We ask Allah Most High to guide us to the straight path that leads to His good pleasure.

Benefits derived from the ḥadith
1- It is forbidden to seize people’s wealth through fraudulent claims and false oaths; this is one of the major sins, for anything that incurs the anger of the Forbearing One—glorious and exalted—is grave indeed.
2- The ḥadith mentions “a fellow Muslim” simply because that is the common case; the same ruling extends to a dhimmī or a treaty partner.
3- The stated punishment applies unless the offender repents and frees himself from the sin. Should he repent, repentance wipes out whatever preceded it, and this is the unanimous view of the scholars.
4- The Prophet’s phrase “while he is wicked therein” excludes the forgetful and the ignorant, for sin and retribution are incurred only by the one who acts deliberately.
5- The ḥadith affirms the divine attribute of anger in a manner befitting His majesty: “There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing.”