Taysīr al-ʿAllām - Abd Allah al-Bassam - (626)

Taysīr al-ʿAllāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

Overall meaning:
ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib (may Allah be pleased with him) asked the Prophet ﷺ for permission to marry the daughter of their paternal uncle Ḥamzah.¹
The Prophet ﷺ told him that she was not lawful for him, because she was the daughter of his milk-brother.
For both the Prophet ﷺ and his uncle Ḥamzah had been nursed by Thuwaybah, the freedwoman of Abū Lahab; thus Ḥamzah became his brother through suckling, making his daughter the Prophet’s niece. Whatever marriage prohibitions arise from lineage likewise arise from suckling.

Points derived from the ḥadith

Suckling establishes a relationship of maḥram status, including the prohibition of marriage.
The rulings it produces mirror those produced by blood-kinship: every woman forbidden through ancestry is equally forbidden through the corresponding relationship created by suckling.
The prohibition spreads, because of suckling, only to the nursling himself and his descendants—his sons, daughters, and their progeny. It does not extend to his ascendants (father, mother, and forefathers) nor to his collateral relatives (brothers, sisters, paternal or maternal uncles and aunts). None of these fall under the ruling.
The nursling is treated as one of the wet-nurse’s own children: she is his mother, the one whose milk it is becomes his father, their children are his brothers and sisters, and their forefathers—no matter how far removed—are his grandparents; likewise, their paternal and maternal uncles and aunts are his own.

Third Ḥadith
ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: “After the verse of veiling had been revealed, Aflah—the brother of Abū al-Quʿays—sought permission to enter upon me. I said, ‘By Allah, I will not allow him in until I ask the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, for the brother of Abū al-Quʿays is not the one who nursed me; it was the wife of Abū al-Quʿays who nursed me.’

“So I went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, the man himself did not nurse me; rather, his wife did.’

“He said, ‘Let him in, for he is your uncle. May your right hand be covered in dust!’

ʿUrwah said: Because of this ʿĀʾishah used to say, ‘Make unlawful through suckling whatever is unlawful through lineage.’

(1) Muslim reports that Ali said: “I asked, ‘Messenger of Allah, do you seek marriage among the women of Quraysh and ignore us?’ He answered, ‘And what do you have to offer?’ I replied, ‘The daughter of Hamza.’ He said, ‘She is not lawful for me; she is the daughter of my brother through milk-nursing.’”

المعنى الإجمالي: رَغِبَ على بن أبي طالب ﵁، من النبي ﷺ أن يتزوج بنت عمهما حمزة (١) . فأخبره ﷺ أنها لا تحل له، لأنها بنت أخيه من الرضاعة. فإنه ﷺ، وعمه حمزة رضعا من (ثويبة) وهى مولاة لأبي لهب، فصار أخاه من الرضاعة، فيكون عم ابنته، ويحرم بسبب الرضاع، ما يحرم مثله من الولادة. ما يستفاد من الحديث: ١- ما يثبت في الرضاع من المحرمية، ومنها تحريم النكاح. ٢- أنه يثبت فيه مثل ما يثبت في النسب. فكل امرأة حرمت نسبا، حرمت من تماثلها رضاعا. ٣- الذين تنشر فيهم المحرمية من أجل الرضاع، هم المرتضع وفروعه، أبناؤه وبناته ونسلهم. أما أصوله، من أب، وأم، وآبائهم، فلا يدخلون في المحرمية. وكذلك حواشيه، من إخوة وأخوات، وأعمام، وعمات، وأخوال، وخالات. كل هؤلاء غير داخلين في حكمه. والرضيع يكون كأحد أولاد المرضعة، فتكون أمه، وصاحب اللبان أباه، وأولادهما إخوته وأخواته وآباؤه منهما- وإن عَلوْا- أجداده، وأعمامهما: وعماتهما، وأخوالهما، وخالاتهما ووأعمامه، وأخواله، وإخوانهما وأخواتهما، أعمامه وعماته، وأخواله، وخالاته. الحديث الثالث وَعَنْهَا قَالَتْ: إن أفلحَ- أخَا أبي القُعَيْس- استأذن عَليَّ بَعْدَ مَا أنزل الحجاب، فَفُلْتُ: والله لا آذَنُ لَهُ حَتى أستأذن النبي ﷺ فإن أخا أبي القُعيس لَيسَ هُوَ أرضعني وَلكِن أرضعتني امرأة أبي القُعَيس. فَدَخلَ عَلى رَسُولُ الله ﷺ، فَقُلْت يَا رسول الله إن الرَّجُلَ لَيسَ هُوَ أرضَعَنِي وَلكِنْ أرضَعَتْنِي امرأَتَهُ. فَقالَ: (اِئْذَنِي لَهُ) فَإِنَّهُ عَمُّكِ، تَرِبَتْ يَمِينُكِ. قالَ عُرْوَةُ: فَبِذلِكَ كَانَتْ عَاِئِشَةُ تَقول: حَرِّمُوا مِن الرضَاعِ مَا يَحْرُمُ مِنَ النَّسَبِ.

(١) جاء في مسلم عن علي ﵁ قال: قلت يا رسول الله، تنوق في قريش وتدعنا؟ ففال: (وهل عندكم شيء؟) قلت: نعم، بنت حمزة فقال: (إنها لا تحل لي، إنها ابنة أخي من الرضاعة) .