Taysīr al-ʿAllāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

dowry or requiring the husband to house her in a specific locality on the wife’s side, or—on the husband’s side—stipulating that she be a virgin or of a certain lineage.
2- The obligation to honour conditions covers both those that are intrinsic to the contract itself and those laid down for the benefit of either spouse.
3- The general rule stated in this hadith, that conditions must be fulfilled, is limited by other reports—such as the hadith, “It is not lawful for a woman to ask for her sister’s divorce”—showing that a condition leading to harm or injustice is invalid.
4- Fulfilling the conditions attached to a marriage contract is more emphatically required than fulfilling other conditions, for what is given in exchange is the lawful enjoyment of intimate relations.
5- Shaykh al-Islām Ibn Taymiyyah said: “The sound position—adopted in most of Aḥmad’s explicit texts and held by the majority of the early scholars—is that the reciprocal rights the contract establishes for each spouse over the other, such as maintenance, sexual access, and the husband’s spending the night with his wife, are not fixed by a specific quota; rather, the standard is local custom. This is indicated by the verse, ‘And women have rights similar to those (of men) over them, according to what is reasonable’ (Q 2:228), and by the Prophet’s ﷺ statement to Hind: ‘Take from his wealth what suffices you and your child, in a manner that is appropriate.’ If the spouses dispute over these matters, the judge determines what is due according to his own ijtihād.”

Hadith Two
ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar (may Allah be pleased with them both) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade shighār marriage.

Shighār is when a man marries off his daughter to another man on the condition that the latter marry him his daughter, with no dowry stipulated between them.

Unfamiliar terms
shighār (with a kasrah on the shīn and the ghayn): linguistically derived from the sense of “raising”; it was applied to this form of marriage because each guardian “raises”—that is, passes over—his ward to the other without any dowry or benefit accruing to her.

Overall meaning
The basic rule for the marriage contract is that it is not concluded except with a dowry for the woman, compensating her for granting access to her private parts. For that reason, the Prophet ﷺ prohibited this pre-Islamic form of marriage by which guardians wrong their female wards, for

في المهر أو السكنى بمكان معين من جانب المرأة، وكاشتراط البكارة والنسب، من جانب الزوج. ٢- أن وجوب الوفاء، شامل للشروط التي هي من مقتضى العقد، والتي من مصلحة أحد الزوجين. ٣- يقيد عموم هذا الحديث بوجوب الوفاء بالشروط، بمثل حديث [لا يحل لامرأة تسأل طلاق أختها] . ٤- أن الوفاء بشروط النكاح آكد من الوفاء بغيرها، لأن عوضها استحلال الفروج. ٥- قال شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية: والصحيح الذي عليه أكثر نصوص أحمد وعليه أكثر السلف أن ما يوجب العقد لكل واحد من الزوجين على الآخر كالنفقة والاستمتاع والمبيت للمرأة وكالاستمتاع للزوج ليس بمقدر، بل المرجع في ذلك إلى العرف، كما دل عليه الكتاب في مثل قوله تعالى: ﴿ولهن مثل الذي عليهن بالمعروف﴾ والسنة في مثل قوله ﷺ لهند "خذي ما يكفيك وولدك بالمعروف" وإذا تنازع الزوجان فرضه الحاكم باجتهاده. الحديث الثاني عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بن عُمَرَ ﵄: أن رَسُولَ الله ﷺ نَهى عَنْ نِكاحِ الشغَارِ. وَالشغَارُ: أنْ يُزَوجَ الرَّجُلُ ابنتَهُ عَلى أنْ يُزَوجَهُ الآخر ابنتهُ وَلَيس بيَنَهُمَا صَدَاقٌ. الغريب: الشغار: بكسر الشين المعجمة والغين المعجمة، أصله -في اللغة- الرفع، فأخذ منه صورة هذا النكاح لرفع كل واحد من الولييِن عن موليته لصاحبه بلا صداق ولا نفع يعود عليها. المعنى الإجمالي: الأصل في عقد النكاح أنه لا يتم إلا بصداق للمرأة، يقابل ما تبذله من بضعها. ولهذا فإن النبي ﷺ نهى عن هذا النكاح الجاهلي، الذي يظلم به الأولياء مولياتهم، إذ

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