Hadith 4
ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: “Three sunnahs were established through Barīrah. First, when she was emancipated she was given the option concerning her husband. Second, meat was presented to her, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came in while a burmah—an earthen cooking pot—was on the fire. He asked for food, so bread and some of the household relish were brought to him. He said, ‘Did I not see a pot on the fire with meat in it?’ They replied, ‘Indeed, O Messenger of Allah, that meat was given in charity to Barīrah, and we were reluctant to serve it to you.’ He said, ‘It is charity for her, but it is a gift for us.’ The Prophet ﷺ also said concerning her, ‘Walāʾ (the bond of clientage) belongs to the one who emancipates.’
Lexical note:
Burmah: al-Qāmūs defines a burmah—pronounced with ḍammah on the bāʾ—as a cooking pot made of stone; its plural is buram, with ḍammah on the bāʾ and fatḥah on the rāʾ.
Overall meaning:
ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her) recalls the blessing Allah bestowed on her maidservant Barīrah, for through her Allah enacted three rulings that have remained part of the Sacred Law.
- Barīrah was set free while married to her slave-husband (Mughīth). She was therefore given the choice either to remain with him under the original marriage contract or to separate, since once she became free he no longer matched her in legal status. Parity (kafāʾah) is required here, so she chose herself and annulled the marriage, establishing a precedent for others.
- Meat was given to her in charity while she was in ʿĀʾishah’s house. When the Prophet ﷺ entered and saw the meat cooking, he asked for food. They offered him bread and the usual household condiment but nothing of the meat, knowing that he did not eat from charity. When he inquired about the meat, they explained, and he clarified, “It is charity for her and a gift from her to us.”
- When her owners wished to sell her to ʿĀʾishah they wanted the walāʾ to remain theirs, but the Prophet ﷺ ruled, “Walāʾ belongs only to the one who sets the slave free.”