Taysīr al-ʿAllāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

Chapter: Entering Mecca and the Sacred House ⦗1⦘

First ḥadith

Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered Mecca in the year of the Conquest with a mighfar (metal helmet) on his head. After he had taken it off, a man came to him and said, “Ibn Khaṭl is clinging to the curtains of the Kaʿbah.” The Prophet said, “Kill him.”

Unfamiliar terms
• al-mighfar: pronounced like minbar; a hood of interlinked iron rings made to fit the head, protecting it from sword-blows.
• “Ibn Khaṭl,” with a dotted khāʾ and a plain ṭāʾ, both with fatḥah. Scholars differ over his given name; one view is that it was Hilāl. The man who killed him was Abū Barzah al-Aslamī.

Overall meaning

Numerous battles had occurred between the Prophet ﷺ and the disbelieving Quraysh, filling their hearts with resentment. When the Conquest of Mecca took place, the Prophet ﷺ entered the city on alert, wearing a helmet. He had already instructed that certain idolaters be executed—even if they were found grasping the curtains of the Kaʿbah—and he listed Ibn Khaṭl among them. Ibn Khaṭl had once accepted Islam, then murdered a Muslim, apostatized, and fled to the idolaters, having his slave-girls sing verses satirizing the Prophet ﷺ.

When fighting ceased that day, security was granted to the people of Mecca, and the Prophet removed his helmet. Some Companions then found Ibn Khaṭl clinging to the curtains of the Kaʿbah, seeking its sanctuary because he knew the vileness of his deeds. They hesitated to kill him until they had consulted the Prophet ﷺ. When they did, he said, “Kill him,” and Ibn Khaṭl was slain between the Ḥijr and the Maqām.

Lessons derived from the ḥadith
1- The Prophet ﷺ entered Mecca not in a state of iḥrām, for he wore a helmet on his head; another report in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim adds that he also had a black turban. This shows that it is permissible to enter Mecca in such circumstances without iḥrām.
2- Jihād takes precedence over devotional rites, for the benefits of the former are broader and more far-reaching.

(1) The author’s original heading read: “Chapter on Entering Mecca and Related Matters,” intended to include both the reports on entry and those on the etiquette of tawaf (circumambulation). I have therefore separated the two hadiths on entering Mecca and the hadith on entering the Kaaba under the present title, and assigned the hadiths dealing with tawaf to a different heading.
بَاب دُخول مَكةَ والبيت (١) الحديث الأول عَنْ أنسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ﵁: أنَّ رَسُولَ الله ﷺ دَخَلَ مَكَةَ عَامَ الْفَتْحِ وَعَلَى رَأسِهِ الْمِغفَرُ، فَلَمَّا نَزَعَهُ جَاءهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: ابْنُ خَطلٍ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ. فقال: "اقْتُلُوهُ". الغريب: المغفر: بوزن مِنْبَر، زرد ينسج من حديد على قدر الرأس، وقاية له من وقع السيف. "ابن خطل" بالخاء المعجمة والطاء المهملة المفتوحتين، اختلف في اسمه. قيل: هلال، وقيل غير ذلك، وقاتله أبو برزة الأسلمي. المعنى الإجمالي: كان بين النبي ﷺ وبين كفار قريش حروب كثيرة مما أوغر صدورهم. فلما كان فتح مكة، دخلها ﷺ في حالة حيطة وحذر، فوضع على رأسه المغفر. وكان ﷺ قد حض على أناس من المشركين أن يُقْتَلُوا، ولو وُجِدُوا في أستار الكعبة، وسمى منهم "ابن خطل" الذي أسلم، ثم قتل مسلماً وارتد عن الإسلام وذهب إلى الكفار، فجعل جواريه يغنين بهجاء النبي ﷺ. فلما وضعت الحرب أوزارها ذلك اليوم، وأمَّن أهل مكة، واستأمن منهم ووضع المغفر، وجد بعض الصحابة "ابن خطل" متعلقاً بأستار الكعبة، عائذاً بحرمتها من القتل، لما يعلم من سوء صنيعه، وقبح سابقته، فتحرجوا من قتله قبل مراجعة النبي صلى الله عليه. فلما راجعوه قال: اقتلوه، فقتل بين الحجر والمقام. ما يؤخذ من الحديث: ١- كون النبي ﷺ دخل مكة غير محرم، إذ دخل وعلى رأسه المغفر، وعليه أيضاً عمامة سوداء، كما في صحيح مسلم، فيجوز دخولها في مثل هذه الحال بلا إحرام. ٢- تقديم الجهاد على النسك، لأن مصالح الأَوَل أعم وأنفع.
(١) أصل ترجمة المؤلف. [باب دخول مكة وغيره] وجعلها شاملة لأحاديث الدخول وأحاديث آداب الطواف فتصرفت بإفراد حديثي دخول مكة، وحديث دخول البيت بهذه الترجمة، وجعلت لأحاديث الطواف ترجمة أخرى.

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