Taysīr al-ʿAllām - Abd Allah al-Bassam - (283)

Taysīr al-ʿAllāmAbd Allah al-Bassam

Second ḥadith

Abdullāh ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with them both) reported: While a man was standing at ʿArafah he fell from his mount and it broke his neck—or, in another wording, threw him down and broke his neck. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Wash him with water and sidr (ground lote-tree leaves), shroud him in his two garments, do not embalm him with perfume, and do not cover his head, for he will be raised on the Day of Resurrection proclaiming the talbiyah.” In another narration he said, “Do not cover his face or his head.”

The author, may Allah have mercy on him, remarks: al-waqṣ means breaking the neck. ⦗1⦘

Uncommon terms
• waqaṣtuhu: it threw him down and broke his neck.
• la tuḥanniṭūhu: do not place ḥanūṭ—an assortment of scents prepared for the dead—on him.
• la tukhammirū: do not cover.
• yubʿathu mulabbiya: he will be resurrected saying, “Here I am, O Allah, here I am,” the pilgrim’s chant while in a state of consecration.

Overall meaning
During the Farewell Pilgrimage a Companion, while in ihrām, was standing on his mount at ʿArafah when he fell, broke his neck, and died. The Prophet ﷺ ordered that he be washed like any other Muslim who dies, using water mixed with sidr, and that he be wrapped in the lower and upper garments in which he had entered ihrām. Because he was still consecrated for Hajj and its markings remained upon him, the Prophet ﷺ forbade perfuming him or covering his head. He explained the reason: Allah will resurrect him in the state in which he died—uttering the talbiyah, the emblem of the pilgrimage.

Points derived from the ḥadith

Washing the deceased is obligatory; it is a communal duty (farḍ kifāyah).
A person in ihrām may be washed, as is also proven by the ḥadith of Abū Ayyūb.
The deceased should be thoroughly cleaned; hence the instruction to add sidr to the wash water.
When pure substances alter the water’s properties, the water still remains intrinsically pure and retains its power to purify others.

(1) This wording appears exclusively in Sahih Muslim and ought to have been pointed out. Al-Bayhaqi notes that the addition of “the face” (al-wajh) is a mistake made by some transmitters; the sound wording is simply: “Do not cover his head,” which is the version recorded by al-Bukhari. The reference to “the face” is therefore anomalous.

الحديث الثاني عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ عَبَّاس ﵄ قَال: بَيْنَما رَجُل وَاقِف بِعَرَفَةَ إذْ وَقََعَ عَنْ رَاحِلَتِهِ فَوَقَصَتْهُ- أوْ قَالَ: فَأوْقَصَتْهُ- فَقَالَ رَسُولُ الله ﷺ: "اِغْسِلُوهُ بِمَاء وَسِدْر، وَكَفِّنُوهُ في ثَوْبَيْهِ، وَلاَ تُحَنِّطُوهُ، وَلاَ تُخَمِّرُوا رَأسَهُ فَإنَّهُ يُبْعَث يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ مُلبِّياً ". وفي رواية: " وَلاَ تُخَمرُوا وَجْهَهُ وَلاَ رَأسَهُ " قال المصنف رضى الله عنه: الوقص، كسر العنق (١) . غريب الحديث: وقصته: صرعته فكسرت عنقه. لا تحنطوه: لا تجعلوا في شيء من غسله أو كفنه حنوطا وهو أخلاط من الطيب تجمع للميت. لا تخمروا: لا تغطوا يبعث ملبيا: أي يبعث وهو يقول: لبيك اللهم لبيك، وذلك شعار الإحرام. المعنى الإِجمالي: بينما كان رجل من الصحابة واقفاً في عرفة على راحلته في حجة الوداع محرما إذ وقع منها، فانكسرت عنقه فمات. فأمرهم النبي ﷺ أن يغسلوه كغيره من سائر الموتى، بماء، وسدر. ويكفنوه في إزاره وردائه، اللذين أحرم بهما. وبما أنه محرم بالحج وآثار العبادة باقية عليه، فقد نهاهم النبي ﷺ أن يُطيبوه وأن يغطوا رأسه. وذكر لهم الحكمة في ذلك، وهى أنه يبعثه الله على ما مات عليه، وهو التلبية، التي هي شعار الحج. ما يؤخذ من الحديث: ١- وجوب تغسيل الميت، وأنه فرض كفاية. ٢- جواز اغتسال المحرم، كما ثبت ذلك في حديث أبي أيوب. ٣- الاعتناء بنظافة الميت وتنقيته، إذ أمرهم أن يجعلوا مع الماء سدراً. ٤- أن تغير الماء بالطاهرات، لا يخرج الماء عن كونه مطهرا لغيره، إلى كونه طاهراً بذاته

(١) هذه الرواية لـ " مسلم " فقط، فكان ينبغي التنبيه عليها. قال البيهقي: وذكر الوجه وهم من بعض الرواة في الإسناد والمتن الصحيح " لا تغطوا رأسه " كذا أخرجه البخاري، وذكر " الوجه " غريب.