Unfamiliar terms:

1. Dār al-Qaḍāʾ: the house of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, may Allah be pleased with him. It was sold after his death to pay off his debts and stood to the west of the mosque.
2. yughithnā (“send us rain”): the verb is in the jussive mood because it occurs as the answer to a request.
3. qazaʿah: a thin shred of cloud; the word is read with a fatḥah on the qāf, the zāy and the ʿayn.
4. Salʿ: pronounced with an open sīn and a quiescent lām; a mountain near Madinah on the north-western side of the city, now absorbed into its built-up area.
5. tirs (shield): a round iron plate used in battle to ward off sword-blows.
6. al-ākām and al-ẓirāb: al-ākām are raised mounds of earth, whereas al-ẓirāb are knolls and small hills. The singular of al-ākām is akmah, and al-ẓirāb is the plural of ẓarib (with ẓāʾ fatḥah and rāʾ kasrah).
7. “We did not see the sun sabtan,” with the sīn pronounced either kasrah or fatḥah: sabt here means “a week,” an instance of naming the whole by a part.
8. yumsik-hā (“that He withhold it”): may be read in the indicative or in the jussive as the answer to a request.

Overall meaning:
The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was standing and delivering the Friday sermon in his mosque when a man entered, faced him, and said: “O Messenger of Allah”—making clear the hardship and distress that had befallen them because the rain, upon which most of their livelihood depended, had ceased—“our livestock have died for lack of pasture, the roads have become impassable, and the camels on which we travel and carry goods have grown weak. As you are close to Allah and your supplication is answered, pray to Allah to send us rain, for with rainfall the harm will be removed and the drought lifted.”

The Prophet raised his hands and said three times—as was his habit in earnest supplication and when emphasising an important matter—“O Allah, send us rain!”

At that very moment they could see neither cloud nor even haze in the sky, yet immediately after the Chosen Prophet had supplicated, a small cloud appeared from behind Mount Salʿ and began to rise. When it reached the middle of the sky it broadened and spread out, then poured down rain that continued for seven days.

The following Friday, while the Messenger of Allah was again standing and addressing the people, a man entered and said—explaining that the uninterrupted rain had confined the livestock so that they could not graze and were dying, and had prevented the people from travelling about the land to earn their living—“So pray to Allah to make it stop over us.”