2 – fazaʿan (in alarm): accusative of state; the reason for his alarm was his fear that the Hour might have begun.

3 – “fa-fazaʿū” with an open zāy. Al-Mujmal says: faziʿtu and afzaʿanī mean “I sought refuge” and “he rescued me.” Al-Mubarrad notes in Al-Kāmil that the word fazʿ in Arabic is used in two ways: the first, common among ordinary people, denotes panic; the second denotes seeking refuge and calling for help.

Overall meaning
Whenever a cosmic disturbance took place—such as a violent wind, deafening thunder, or a solar or lunar eclipse—it was the Prophet’s practice, peace and blessings be upon him, to fear that Allah’s punishment might descend upon this ummah just as previous nations had been destroyed by thunderbolts, storms, or floods. Therefore, when the sun was eclipsed he rose in alarm, for his perfect knowledge of his Lord filled him with great fear and constant vigilance.

He entered the mosque, led the people in the eclipse prayer, and prolonged the standing, bowing, and prostration more than they had ever experienced before, thereby manifesting repentance and humble return to Allah. When the Chosen One finished pleading and conversing with his Lord, he turned to the people to admonish them, explaining that such signs are sent by Allah as lessons, reminders, and warnings so that they may hasten to supplication, seeking forgiveness, remembrance, and prayer.

The legal rulings drawn from this hadith have already been discussed in the previous narration.

Ibn Daqīq al-ʿĪd said: His words “then hasten” indicate prompt obedience to what has been commanded and highlight that in times of fear one should turn to Allah, Exalted is He, through supplication and seeking forgiveness. They also point out that sins bring about calamities and punishments, both immediate and future, and that seeking forgiveness and repenting are means by which sins are erased and fears are removed.