fear of Him, and hope in Him, and by believing the truths He has conveyed—together with other qualities in which people differ and surpass one another to widely varying degrees. This faith grows stronger as the servant increases in pondering the Qur’an, gains deeper understanding of Allah’s names, attributes, and majesty, and shows his neediness to Him through worship and constant engagement with Him. A person can only be upright when Allah alone is the object of his worship, the One in whom his heart finds tranquillity, with whom he feels at ease, and in whose remembrance he delights; none of this is attainable without Allah’s assistance. If Allah does not aid him, nothing will set him right, and there is no might and no power except through Allah.
- The removal of obstacles: this is the effort to repel whatever distracts the heart—such as reflecting on matters that do not benefit one’s worship—and to guard against the attractions that pull the heart away from the purpose of the prayer. This varies from one servant to another, for the abundance of whisperings is proportionate to the abundance of doubts, desires, and the heart’s attachment to beloved things it pursues. The intelligent worshipper therefore strives for full presence of heart, and there is no might and no power except with Allah, the Most High, the Magnificent.
CHAPTER: Combining Two Prayers While Travelling
Because travel is typically attended by hardship, the Lawgiver granted certain concessions in acts of worship, easing matters for His servants and showing them mercy. Among these concessions is the permission for a traveller—who may find the prayer time arriving while he is pressing on with his journey—to combine prayers. He may join the noon (zuhr) and afternoon (ʿasr) prayers within the time of either of them, and likewise the sunset (maghrib) and night (ʿishāʾ) prayers within the time of either of them. All of this reflects the generosity and ease of the Muhammadan law and is a favour from Allah Most High, who has not placed upon us any hardship in the religion.
ʿAbd Allah ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with them both) said: “When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was travelling and pressing onward, he would combine the noon and afternoon prayers, and he would combine the sunset and night prayers.” (1)