—and that, he says, “is the sound view in our school.” Ibn al-Qayyim adopted the same position in I‘lam al-Muwaqqi‘in (3/7), where he relates: “Al-Rabi‘ said: Al-Shafi‘i was asked about the imam—should he raise his voice when saying Amin? He replied: ‘Yes, and those behind him should also raise their voices.’ I said, ‘What is the proof?’ He answered: ‘Muslim ibn Khalid told us, from Ibn Jurayj, from Ata: I used to hear the imams—Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr and those after him—say Amin, and those behind them say Amin, until the mosque resounded with a rumbling sound.’ ” I say: Al-Bayhaqi recorded this report (2/59) through the chain of al-Rabi‘. He and Ibn Hibban, in al-Thiqat—as cited in al-Ta‘liq al-Mughni—also transmitted, via Mutarraf, from Khalid ibn Abi Nawf*—al-Bayhaqi’s copy reads “Ayyub,” which is a scribal slip—from Ata, who said: “I met two hundred of the Prophet’s Companions in this mosque; when the imam recited ghayri al-maghdubi ‘alayhim wa la al-dallin (‘not of those who incurred wrath, nor of the misguided’), I would hear a roar as they said Amin.” Both of these reports, however, are open to question: 1. In the first, Ibn Jurayj reports with an ‘an‘ana, and he was a known mudallis. 2. It also contains Muslim ibn Khalid al-Zinji, the Meccan jurist, who is weak. Al-Dhahabi, in al-Mizan, and Ibn Hajar, in al-Tahdhib, cite several odd narrations of his; al-Dhahabi remarks, “These hadiths and the like undermine the man’s standing and render him weak,” while Ibn Hajar sums him up in al-Taqrib as “truthful but prone to many errors.” * In the author’s autograph here and on the following page the name appears as “Anuf,” but the correct reading is the one adopted above.