(*) This entire discussion is absent from the original text of al-Sifah; we have inserted it here, together with its two marginal notes, from the printed edition of Sifat al-Salah. See also the additional remarks on intention (niyyah) on the next page and the one following it. (1) Al-Nawawi writes in Rawdat al-Talibin (1/224): “Intention is purposeful resolve. The worshipper should bring to mind the act of prayer itself and the attributes that must be specified—such as that it is the noon prayer, that it is obligatory, and so forth—then make that resolve concurrent with the very first utterance of the opening takbir.” (2) Reported by Bukhari, Muslim, and others; listed in Irwa al-Ghalil, no. 22.