the prayer, let him say: al-Tahiyyāt…,” and he recited it to the end. After the words, “Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah,” he added, “for when he says that, it reaches every righteous slave in heaven and on earth.”
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The tashahhud of Ibn ʿAbbās: He said, “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to teach us the tashahhud just as he would teach us a surah of the Quran. He would say: al-Tahiyyātu, al-mubārakātu, al-ṣalawātu, al-ṭayyibātu lillah. Peace—in another narration: Salam—be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace—in another narration: Salam—be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”—in another wording: “His servant and Messenger.”
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The tashahhud of Ibn ʿUmar: It is reported from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that he said in the tashahhud: “al-Tahiyyātu lillah, and the ṣalawāt, and the ṭayyibāt. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah”—Ibn ʿUmar said, “I added: and His blessings”—“Peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah”—Ibn ʿUmar said, “and I added: alone, without partner”—“and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.”
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The tashahhud of Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī: He said, The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “When one of you reaches the sitting, let the first words he utters be: al-Tahiyyāt, al-ṭayyibāt, al-ṣalawāt lillah; peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings; peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allah. I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah—alone, without partner—and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. These seven phrases are the greeting of the prayer.”
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The tashahhud of ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb: ʿUmar used to teach the people the tashahhud while standing on the pulpit, saying, “Say: al-Tahiyyāt lillah, al-zākīyāt lillah, al-ṭayyibāt lillah; peace be upon you …” — the rest is as in the tashahhud of Ibn Masʿūd.
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The tashahhud of ʿĀʾishah: al-Qāsim ibn Muhammad reported that ʿĀʾishah used to teach us the tashahhud, gesturing with her hand and saying, “al-Tahiyyāt, al-ṭayyibāt, al-ṣalawāt, al-zākīyāt lillah; peace upon the Prophet …” to the end of the tashahhud of Ibn Masʿūd. ⦗870–903⦘
Blessings upon the Prophet ﷺ—their place and their forms
He ﷺ would invoke blessings upon himself in the first tashahhud and elsewhere, and he prescribed this for his community when he commanded them to send blessings upon him after greeting him with peace. He then taught them several wording options for invoking blessings upon him ﷺ: