al-Lihyah LimadhaMuhammad Ismaïl Al-Muqaddim

He ﷺ likewise said, “Clip the moustaches, let the beards grow, and differ from the Magians.” [Muslim]

Abū Shāmah—may Allah have mercy on him—remarked, “A people have now appeared who actually shave off their beards, and that is worse than what is reported of the Magians, for they merely used to trim them.”

Note:
Know—may Allah have mercy on you—that the fact some of today’s idolaters keep their beards does not invalidate the reasoning behind this ruling, for two reasons:

  1. Shaving the beard is the regular practice of most of them, and this innovation reached us only through them.

  2. As for those among them who do grow their beards, whether considering it a mark of manliness and vigor or in imitation of their prophets, their natural disposition on this point has remained sound, and in this aspect they coincide with our law.

As for how Muslims should differentiate themselves from the polytheists who, in the Prophet’s time ﷺ, already let their beards grow, it is by trimming the moustache, cutting whatever hair hangs over the upper lip, or—if they keep their beards short—by letting ours grow fully; here the distinction concerns the manner of grooming. If, however, they shave their beards entirely, then our distinction shifts to the very essence of the act: we leave the beard unshaven.
وقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ: «جُزُّوا الشَّوَارِبَ، وَأَرْخُوا اللِّحَى خَالِفُوا الْمَجُوسَ» [رواه مسلم]. قال أبو شامة ﵀: (وقد حدث قوم يحلقون لحاهم، وهو أشد مما نقل عن المجوس من أنهم كانوا يقصونها). تنبيه: اعلم- رحمك الله- أنه لا يقدح فى استمرار هذا التعليل أن بعض المشركين اليوم يعفون لحاهم، وذلك لما يلى: أولًا: أن حلق اللحية سنةُ أكثرِهم، بل ما تسربت إلينا هذه البدعة إلا من طريقهم. ثانيًا: وأما من أعفى لحيته منهم باعتبار ذلك رجولة وفحولة، أو اقتداءً بأنبيائهم، فقد سلمت فطرته فى هذه الجزئية التى توافقت شريعتنا فيها
= أما كيفية مخالفة المشركين مع إعفائهم لحاهم فى زمنه ﷺ فبقص الشارب، وأخذ ما طال عن الشفة، أو بتوفير اللحى إذا كانوا يقصرونها، فالمخالفة هنا فى وصف الفعل، أما إذا حلقوا لحاهم، فنحن نخالفهم فى أصل الفعل بإعفاء اللحى.

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