Musaddad related to us; Abū Muʿāwiyah narrated to us, from al-Aʿmash, from Abū Sufyān, from Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh — may Allah be pleased with him — from the Prophet ﷺ who said: “The five daily prayers are like a river flowing past the door of one of you in which he bathes five times every day; nothing of grime is left upon him.” Abū Sufyān also transmitted it from ʿUbayd ibn ʿUmayr, from the Prophet ﷺ with the same wording.

As for the relationship between the act (fiʿl) and the acted-upon (mafʿūl): the act is simply the bringing of a thing into existence, while the acted-upon is the event that has been brought about, in keeping with His statement, “He created the heavens and the earth.” Thus the heavens and the earth are His acted-upon, and everything besides Allah, by His decree, is likewise an acted-upon. The very creation of the heavens is His act, for a heaven cannot stand on its own without the action of a doer; it is attributed to Him because of His action. Therefore His act proceeds from His Lordship (rubūbiyyah), as He says, “Be, and it is” (Quran 2:117). Yet it is also one of His attributes, and He is described by it, as in His words, “Lord of the heavens and Lord of all things,” and as the Prophet ﷺ said, “Lord of everything and its Sovereign.”