Reported by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
The other is that whoever makes a vow involving disobedience to the Most Merciful and obedience to Satan must not fulfil it; rather, he must offer the expiation of an oath. If the vow concerns something disliked or permissible, then expiation is even more clearly required, based on the general import of his saying, peace and blessings be upon him: “The expiation for a vow is the expiation for an oath.”
It was recorded by Muslim and others in the hadith of Uqbah ibn Amir (may Allah be pleased with him), and it is cited in al-Irwa’ (2653).
What we have mentioned regarding the first and second matters is agreed upon among the scholars, except with regard to the obligation of expiation for a sinful vow and the like. The view that it is obligatory is the position of Imam Ahmad and Ishaq, as al-Tirmidhi stated (1/288). It is also the position of the Hanafis, and it is the correct view, in light of this hadith and other reports of similar meaning to which we have referred.
- “Its water is purifying, and its dead creatures are lawful.”
Malik recorded it (1/44–45) from Safwan ibn Sulaym, from Sa'id ibn Salamah of the family of Banu al-Azraq, from al-Mughirah ibn Abi Burdah—who was from Banu Abd al-Dar—that he heard Abu Hurayrah say:
“A man came to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, we travel by sea and carry only a small amount of water with us. If we use it for ablution, we will become thirsty. May we perform ablution with it?’ The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, then said ...” He then mentioned it.
Through Malik, it was also recorded by the compilers of the Sunan and others. Al-Tirmidhi and a group of early and later scholars declared it authentic; I have mentioned their names in Sahih Abi Dawud (76).
This chain of transmission consists of trustworthy narrators, apart from Sa'id ibn Salamah. Some have claimed that he is unknown, since no one other than Safwan narrated from him. Nevertheless, al-Nasa'i and Ibn Hibban declared him trustworthy. It has also been said that al-Jallah Abu Kathir narrated from him, but I have reservations about this, the explanation of which will follow.
Al-Hafiz said in al-Talkhis (1/10):