and of everyone who follows in his footsteps, such as the pupil al-Saqqāf; you will then see what will increase your clarity and conviction that what they learn from such teachers is nothing but “they learn what harms them and brings them no benefit” (1). In fact, if they cling to it, it is disbelief itself. Nothing makes this plainer than their agreement on denying the attribute of exalted transcendence (ʿuluww) for Allah, the Most High—an attribute whose authenticity and meaning are both decisively established by the mutawātir texts of the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and the statements of the salaf and the imams—yet they subject all of that to their rancid intellects. The result is that they have fallen into divergent claims:
• Some of them—such as the Ibāḍīs and the Muʿtazilah (2)—say that He is in every place, a statement that necessarily entails indwelling (ḥulūl) or the oneness of existence, which is the creed of the extremist Ṣūfīs!
• Others assert that He is neither above nor below, neither to the right nor to the left, neither in front nor behind—neither inside the universe nor outside it! I myself heard this from a certain preacher in Damascus during the Friday sermon!!
• Still others have plunged even deeper into negation, saying: He is neither connected to the world nor separate from it!!
By Allah, this is outright disbelief and a denial of the Divine existence; for if the most eloquent Arab were asked, “Describe for us something nonexistent, something that has no being whatsoever,” he could not describe it with anything more than what these people have used to describe their Lord!!