this view was held by a group of the early generations, as stated in al-Khaṭṭābī’s Maʿālim al-Sunan, and Ibn al-Qayyim defended it in Zād al-Maʿād.
Al-Ṭabarī disagreed in Tahdhīb al-Āthār (p. 321—the missing volume, edited by ʿAlī Riḍā), claiming that the meaning of “cuts off” here is analogous to the Prophet’s saying, peace and blessings be upon him: “When one of you prays facing a sutrah, let him draw close to it, so that Satan does not cut off his prayer.” This is an authentic hadith recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ Abū Dāwūd (692 and 695). Al-Ṭabarī said:
“It is well known that Satan’s cutting off a person’s prayer does not consist merely in his passing in front of him, but also in inducing whisperings and doubt, and in preoccupying the heart with matters other than the prayer—thereby corrupting and cutting off his prayer.”
I say: This is an astonishing and strange statement from such an imām and hadith master. It resembles the discourse of those who strip the texts concerning the divine attributes of their meaning through a false figurative reinterpretation that nullifies their import. The explanation follows:
The imām has conceded that Satan cuts off the prayer not merely by passing, but also through whispering. How, then, can the cutting off caused by the passing of the three categories be made analogous to Satan’s cutting off, when none of them involves the whispering that is inherent to Satan’s nature, as explicitly stated in the Quran: “who whispers in the breasts of mankind”? They involve passing only. Is this analogy not a clear nullification of the significance of passing mentioned in the hadith of the categories, but not in the other hadith?
For Satan whispers even if he does not pass by, as in the hadith: “When one of you stands to pray, Satan comes and confounds his prayer until he does not know how many units he has prayed ...” This hadith was reported by al-Bukhārī and Muslim and is recorded in Ṣaḥīḥ Abū Dāwūd (943). Therefore, passing is not mentioned in the other hadith, unlike the first hadith concerning the three categories. Thus, the two differ, and it is not permissible to draw an analogy between them or equate them in the meaning of “cutting off.”