Shuʿab al-Iman (7/25/9330)—and by Ahmad (4/412), whose wording is cited here. Both related: Al-Qasim ibn Malik Abu Jaʿfar narrated to us: ʿAsim ibn Kulayb narrated to us from Abu Burdah, who said:

“I entered upon Abu Musa in the house of Umm al-Fadl’s daughter. I sneezed, but he did not invoke mercy for me; then she sneezed, and he invoked mercy for her. I returned to my mother and told her, and when he came to her, she said, ‘My son sneezed in your presence and you did not invoke mercy for him, whereas she sneezed and you invoked mercy for her?’ He replied, ‘Your son sneezed but did not praise Allah Most High, so I did not invoke mercy for him. She, however, sneezed and praised Allah, so I invoked mercy for her. And I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say …’ He then mentioned it. She said, ‘You have done well, you have done well.’”

Muslim (8/225), al-Bukhari in al-Adab al-Mufrad (941), al-Tabarani in al-Duʿaʾ (3/1694/1997), and al-Hakim (4/265) also transmitted it through this route. Al-Hakim said, “Its chain of transmission is authentic, though they did not record it!” Al-Dhahabi concurred with him.

That is what they both said, but they were mistaken in claiming that it was omitted by Muslim.

A benefit: Al-Nawawi said in his Commentary on Muslim:

“This daughter was Umm Kulthum bint al-Fadl ibn al-ʿAbbas, the wife of Abu Musa al-Ashʿari. He married her after al-Hasan ibn ʿAli had separated from her. She bore children to Abu Musa, and he died while she was still his wife. After him, ʿImran ibn Talhah married her and then separated from her. She died in Kufa and was buried on its outskirts.”

Note: The word “daughter” is omitted in the Muhibb al-Din al-Khatib edition and the al-Jilani edition (4/393) of al-Adab al-Mufrad, which reads: “in the house of Umm al-Fadl bint al-ʿAbbas.” I therefore think this was an error by one of the copyists.

Know that the well-known view among the scholars is that invoking mercy for one who sneezes is a collective obligation: if some fulfill it, the obligation is waived from the rest. However, it is authentically reported from Abu Hurayrah, attributed to the Prophet, with the wording: