this is an instance of the leniency for which he is known. For ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Samʿī, Dulham ibn al-Aswad, and his father are each known only through this chain of transmission. Al-Dhahabī explicitly stated in al-Mīzān, in Dulham’s biography, that he is unknown; and he indicated there that the other two are likewise, since each has only one narrator. Yet al-Ḥāfiẓ related, in al-Aswad’s biography, that al-Dhahabī said of him: “He is of the rank of the truthful.” I do not know the basis for this. Al-Ḥāfiẓ said of him, as well as of each of the other two: “Acceptable.” Ibn Ḥibbān alone declared all three trustworthy (4/32, 6/291, and 7/71), and this is al-Haythamī’s main basis for his preceding statement!
For this reason, I had graded this chain weak in the Hadith of the Vision referred to in the first route. However, I judged its text good on account of its two routes, as you may see it documented in Zilāl al-Jannah (459). I had likewise graded this very chain weak in this hadith in al-Ẓilāl as well (554), but I had not yet come across this second route. I therefore left the hadith graded weak, as its chain of transmission required, for we have no means of distinguishing the authentic from the weak among hadiths except through the chain of transmission. Hence one of the Salaf said: “The chain of transmission is part of the religion; were it not for the chain of transmission, anyone could say whatever he wished.”
When Allah enabled me to find this route, I hastened to strengthen the hadith, as I had done with the previous one, and so I included it here. All praise is due to Allah for His enabling grace. I also found a third route for it—or rather, a corroborating report—but it is not one that gives cause for joy. It is narrated by Salm ibn Sālim al-Balkhī: Khārijah ibn Muṣʿab narrated to us from Zayd ibn Aslam, from ʿAṭāʾ ibn Yasār, from ʿĀʾishah, the Mother of the Believers, in a report attributed to the Prophet: “Allah surely laughs at His servants’ loss of hope, their despair, and the nearness of mercy to them.”