and Ahmad (2/23, 50, 73, and 110). In one of his narrations, he repeated the statement three times; al-Bukhari’s version provides the wording.

The fourth route is from Bishr ibn Harb, who said: I heard Ibn ʿUmar say: I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, say:

“O Allah, bless for us our city, our measures of ṣāʿ and mudd, our Yemen, and our Syria.”

Then he turned towards the place where the sun rises and said: “From here the horn of Satan rises; from here come earthquakes and tribulations.”

It was recorded by Ahmad (2/126). Its narrators are trustworthy and are narrators of Muslim, apart from this Bishr, who is somewhat weak. However, it is corroborated by the hadith of Tawbah al-ʿAnbarī, from Salim, from his father, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said—and he then cited it—up to the words, “and our Syria,” with some variation in the order, adding: “A man said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, what about our Iraq?’ He turned away from him, then said: ‘There are earthquakes and tribulations there, and there the horn of Satan rises.’”

It was recorded by Abu Nuʿaym in al-Ḥilyah (6/133), and its chain of transmission is authentic. It also has another route in al-Ṭabarānī’s al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr (3/201/1), from Ibn ʿUmar, with similar wording, including: “When it was the third or fourth time, they said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, what about our Iraq?’ …” the hadith. Its chain of transmission is also authentic. Its basic source is found in al-Bukhari and Ahmad; see my book Takhrīj Faḍāʾil al-Shām (Documentation of the Virtues of Syria), pp. 9–10. Its documentation, as well as that of the preceding hadith, has already appeared under no. 2246, with additional material.

The hadith also has a supporting report from Abu Masʿūd, attributed to the Prophet, with the wording: “From here came tribulations, towards the east, and coarseness and hardness of heart among the camel-herders …” the hadith. It was recorded by al-Bukhari (2/382).

I say: The various routes of the hadith mutually corroborate one another in establishing that the direction to which the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, pointed was indeed