- When one man follows another in prayer, he is to stand on the imam’s right. The evident intent is that he stand exactly level with him—neither ahead nor behind—for had anything else taken place, the narrator would have transmitted it, especially since individual Companions prayed behind him ﷺ on numerous occasions. In this regard there are reports from Ibn ʿAbbās in the two Ṣaḥīḥs and from Jābir in Muslim, both of which I have cited in Irwāʾ al-Ghalīl (533). Al-Bukhārī entitled the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿAbbās: “Chapter: When two are praying, one stands on the imam’s right, level with him.”
Al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn Ḥajar said in Fatḥ al-Bārī (2/160): “His phrase ‘level with him’ means he is neither in front of nor behind the imam. The compiler seems to have alluded by this to a wording found in one chain from Ibn ʿAbbās: ‘So I stood beside him,’ which clearly indicates equality.”
ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated from Ibn Jurayj who said: “I asked ʿAṭāʾ, ‘When a man prays with another man, where should he stand?’ He replied, ‘At his right side.’ I asked, ‘Should he line up with him so that they form a single row and neither precedes the other?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ I asked, ‘Do you prefer that he keep perfectly level with him so no gap remains between them?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ ”
In al-Muwaṭṭaʾ it is related from ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUtbah ibn Masʿūd who said: “I entered upon ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb during the midday heat and found him performing voluntary prayer, so I stood behind him. He drew me nearer until he placed me level with him on his right.”
I say: This report in al-Muwaṭṭaʾ (1/154/32) has an authentic chain back to ʿUmar, may Allah be pleased with him. Together with the aforementioned ḥadīths, it provides strong evidence for the stated equality. Therefore, the view—found in some legal schools with various qualifications—that the follower (maʾmūm) should stand slightly behind the imam lacks any proof in the Sunnah. It clashes with the outward sense of these ḥadīths, with the report from ʿUmar, and with the statement of ʿAṭāʾ, the distinguished Successor (tābiʿī) Ibn Abī Rabāḥ. When opinions are of this sort, it is better for the believer to leave them to their proponents—believing they will be rewarded for their ijtihād—and for him to adhere to what is firmly established in the Sunnah, for the best guidance is the guidance of Muḥammad ﷺ.