It is a good chain of transmission: all of its narrators are trustworthy. The criticism concerning Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Harith and his teacher Sulayman ibn Musa al-Ashdaq does not lower their hadith below the rank of good, particularly since it has been transmitted through several routes, of which this is one.
The second is through Ya‘la ibn Shaddad, from Ubadah, and this is the one mentioned immediately before.
The third is through Abu Bakr ibn Abd Allah ibn Abi Maryam and Yahya ibn Abi Kathir, from Abu Salam, with a fuller wording. It will come at (1972) with the wording: “Indeed, this is from your spoils.”
Abu Salam also related this account from Amr ibn Abasah, who said: “The Messenger of Allah led us in prayer facing a camel. When he had finished, he took a tuft of hair from the camel’s side and said: ‘Nothing from your spoils is lawful for me—not even as much as this—except the fifth, and the fifth is returned to you.’” Abu Dawud (1/433) transmitted it: al-Walid ibn Utbah narrated to us; al-Walid narrated to us; Abd Allah ibn al-Ala narrated to us that he heard Abu Salam al-Aswad say: “I heard Amr ibn Abasah.” This is an authentic chain of transmission; all its narrators are among the narrators of the Sahih collections, apart from al-Walid ibn Utbah, who is trustworthy. His teacher, al-Walid, was Ibn Muslim.
Abu Salam has another chain of transmission for it. Al-Dulabi said in al-Kuna (2/163): Ahmad ibn Shuaib informed me, from Muhammad ibn Wahb, who said: Muhammad ibn Salamah narrated to us; Abu Abd al-Rahim narrated to me; Mansur al-Khawlani narrated to me, from Abu Yazid Ghaylan, from Abu Salam, from al-Miqdam ibn Kab [blank] Madi Karib, from al-Harith ibn Muawiyah, from Ubadah ibn al-Samit: “The Messenger of Allah led the prayer facing a camel from the booty being apportioned. When he had finished, he took a small tuft between his two fingers—a tuft of camel hair—and said: ‘Indeed, this is from your spoils, and I have no right to any of it except the fifth; and the fifth is returned to you.’”