“ ‘That is the prayer of the hypocrite: he sits watching the sun, and when it lies between the horns of Satan he springs up and pecks out four quick units, hardly remembering Allah at all.’ ”
This was narrated by Muslim (2/110) and others on the authority of Anas—may Allah be pleased with him.
As for the one who was not deliberate in his delay—meaning only the sleeper or the forgetful—he is subject to a different ruling: he must perform the prayer whenever he remembers it, even if that is at sunrise or sunset. The Prophet ﷺ said, “Whoever forgets a prayer—or sleeps through it—let him offer it when he remembers it; there is no expiation for it other than that.” He then recited, “Establish the prayer for My remembrance” (20:14). Muslim also recorded this ḥadith (2/142), and so did al-Bukhārī.
Accordingly, two separate issues arise here: (1) catching the prayer and (2) the sin incurred.
The first—catching the prayer—is the point the ḥadith was intended to explain. No one should imagine, because the ḥadith is silent about the second issue, that there is no sin in delaying the prayer. On the contrary, a person is sinful in every case, whether he catches the prayer or not. The most the ḥadith concedes is that if he manages to catch one rakʿah before the time expires, he is deemed to have caught the prayer; if he does not, he is not. In the first situation, his prayer is valid yet sinful; in the second, it is both invalid and sinful—indeed, he is even more deserving of blame, as people of sound understanding will appreciate.
Fourth benefit: The Prophet’s ﷺ directive, “let him complete his prayer,” means that he has caught it within its time, offered it validly, and thus discharged his obligation. If, however, he failed to catch a rakʿah, he must not complete the prayer, because it becomes invalid once its time has expired and therefore does not clear him of liability. It is obvious—and even more so for the one who did not catch anything at all before the time ended—that he has no prayer to his credit and his obligation is not fulfilled; in other words, if the person who failed to catch a single rakʿah is not instructed