Abū Ḥāzim, with the same wording as the hadith of Abū Muʿāwiyah, but without mentioning Jarīr; and this is more sound. There is also a report on this subject from Samurah. Most of Ismāʿīl’s narrators said: from Ismāʿīl, from Qays ibn Abī Ḥāzim, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, dispatched a detachment—without mentioning Jarīr. Ḥammād ibn Salamah narrated from al-Ḥajjāj ibn Arṭāh, from Ismāʿīl ibn Abī Khālid, from Jarīr, like the hadith of Abū Muʿāwiyah. I heard Muḥammad say: “The sound version is Qays’s mursal report from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him.” Samurah ibn Jundub narrated that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Do not reside among the polytheists or associate with them. Whoever resides among them or associates with them is like them.”

I say: The narrators in the connected chain of transmission of the first hadith are trustworthy, all being among Muslim’s narrators. Nevertheless, al-Tirmidhī, following al-Bukhārī and others, deemed it defective on account of its being mursal. Were it not that Abū Muʿāwiyah—whose name was Muḥammad ibn Khāzim, with a dotted khāʾ and zāy—had some weakness in his precision, I would have said: “He supplied the link in the chain, and an addition from a trustworthy narrator is accepted.” Moreover, al-Ḥajjāj ibn Arṭāh corroborated him in reporting it with a connected chain, as al-Tirmidhī mentioned. Al-Bayhaqī also reported it with a connected chain (9/12–13), in an abbreviated form, with the wording: “Whoever resides with the polytheists is no longer entitled to the covenant of protection.” It will be cited later. However, al-Ḥajjāj practised tadlīs and narrated it using the ambiguous formula “from.”

Furthermore, al-Haythamī cited the hadith (5/253) from Qays ibn Abī Ḥāzim, from Khālid ibn al-Walīd: that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, sent Khālid ibn al-Walīd to some people of Khathʿam—the hadith—and said: “Al-Ṭabarānī narrated it, and its narrators are trustworthy.” Then I saw that al-Ḥāfiẓ included the hadith in his Hadith Documentation of al-Kashshāf (4/55, no. 457), where he said: “Abū Dāwūd, al-Tirmidhī, and al-Nasāʾī narrated it from the hadith of Jābir…. Abū Muʿāwiyah reported it with a connected chain from”