—when it is contradicted by dozens of textual proofs. This is one of them: during his caliphate, Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) differed with Uthman ibn Affan concerning the tamattuʿ form of Hajj. He did not obey him; rather, he openly opposed him, as related in Sahih Muslim (4/46) from Saʿid ibn al-Musayyib, who said:

“Ali and Uthman (may Allah be pleased with them both) met at ʿUsfan. Uthman used to forbid tamattuʿ or ʿumrah, so Ali said, ‘Do you seek to prohibit something which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did?’ Uthman replied, ‘Leave us alone!’ Ali said, ‘I cannot leave you [unopposed].’ When Ali saw this, he entered ihram for both Hajj and ʿumrah.”

610 — “Indeed, a borrowed article must be returned; a usufructuary grant must be returned; a debt must be paid; and the guarantor is liable.”

Imam Ahmad narrated it (5/293): Ali ibn Ishaq related to us: Ibn al-Mubarak informed us: Abd al-Rahman ibn Yazid ibn—in the original, ‘from’—Jabir related to us, saying: Saʿid ibn Abi Saʿid told me, from someone who heard the Prophet ﷺ say it. He then mentioned it.

I say: This chain is authentic. All its narrators are trustworthy and are among the narrators of the two Shaykhs, except Ali ibn Ishaq, who is al-Sulami; he is unanimously considered trustworthy. The anonymity of the Companion does not detract from it. Al-Haythami said (4/145): “Its narrators are trustworthy.”

The hadith also has a supporting narration through Ismaʿil ibn ʿAyyash, who said: Shurahbil ibn Muslim al-Khawlani related to us: I heard Abu Umamah al-Bahili say: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say it. Ahmad (5/267) and the compilers of the Sunan, except al-Nasaʾi, narrated it. Al-Tirmidhi said (2/252—Tuhfah): “It is a good hadith. There are also reports on this subject from Samurah, Safwan ibn Umayyah, and Anas. It has also been narrated from Abu Umamah from the Prophet ﷺ through another route.”