Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

closer to reason than that of one who affirms an existent that cannot be perceived and is neither inside the world nor outside it.

In sum, the fact is that (1) there is no argument they invoke to invalidate the position of their opponents (2) that does not demonstrate the falsity of their own position even more forcefully; yet they contradict themselves. Those who agreed with them in some of their errors came (3) to concede (4) to them that false, negative premise [namely, the affirmation of a self-subsisting existent that cannot be pointed to, is neither separate from anything else nor co-located with it (5), and is neither inside the world nor outside it] (6), and seek (7) to apply it consistently, even though its consistent application entails sheer falsehood.

The proper line to take in debate is not to concede that premise (8). Rather, it should be said:

If it is false, the very foundation of the position held by those who negate is invalid. [If it is true, it demonstrates even more clearly that the position (9) of those who affirm is possible. For if it is possible to affirm an existent that is not a body and is neither inside the world nor outside it, then it is all the more possible to affirm an existent above the world that is not a body. If that is not possible, the very foundation of the position held by those who negate is invalid] (10). It is thus established that Allah [Most High] (11) is either inside the world or outside it; hence, their position affirming an existent

(1) B and A read: “In sum, that”; M: “The upshot is that.” (2) ʿ reads: “which you invoke against the position of your opponents.” (3) B and A read: “mā dāwā,” an evident corruption. (4) N and M read: “conceding.” (5) B and A read: “similar to it.” (6) The passage in square brackets is absent from N and M. (7) M and N read: “and they suppose.” (8) ʿ reads: “that premise does not entail”; N and M: “that debate is not conceded.” (9) B and A read: “then it is all the more so according to the position of.” (10) The passage in square brackets is absent from N and M. (11) “Most High” is an addition in ʿ.
: أَقْرَبُ إِلَى الْعَقْلِ مِمَّنْ أَثْبَتَ مَوْجُودًا لَا يُمْكِنُ الْإِحْسَاسُ بِهِ وَلَيْسَ بِدَاخِلِ الْعَالَمِ وَلَا خَارِجَهُ. فَفِي الْجُمْلَةِ أَنَّهُ (١) مَا مِنْ حُجَّةٍ يَحْتَجُّونَ بِهَا عَلَى بُطْلَانِ قَوْلِ مُنَازِعِيهِمْ (٢) إِلَّا وَدَلَالَتُهَا عَلَى بُطْلَانِ قَوْلِهِمْ أَشَدُّ وَلَكِنَّهُمْ يَتَنَاقَضُونَ. وَالَّذِينَ وَافَقُوهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضِ غَلَطِهِمْ صَارُوا (٣) يُسَلِّمُونَ (٤) لَهُمْ تِلْكَ الْمُقَدِّمَةَ الْبَاطِلَةَ النَّافِيَةَ [وَهُوَ إِثْبَاتُ مَوْجُودٍ قَائِمٍ بِنَفْسِهِ لَا يُشَارُ إِلَيْهِ وَلَا يَكُونُ مُبَايِنًا لِغَيْرِهِ وَلَا مُحَايِثًا لَهُ (٥) وَلَا دَاخِلَ الْعَالَمِ وَلَا خَارِجَهُ] (٦) وَيَطْلُبُونَ (٧) طَرْدَهَا، وَطَرْدُهَا يَسْتَلْزِمُ الْبَاطِلَ الْمَحْضَ. فَوَجْهُ الْمُنَاظَرَةِ أَنَّ تِلْكَ الْمُقَدِّمَةَ لَا تُسَلَّمُ (٨) ، لَكِنْ يُقَالُ: إِنْ كَانَتْ بَاطِلَةً بَطَلَ أَصْلُ قَوْلِ النُّفَاةِ، [وَإِنْ كَانَتْ صَحِيحَةً فَهِيَ أَدَلُّ عَلَى إِمْكَانِ قَوْلِ (٩) أَهْلِ الْإِثْبَاتِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ إِثْبَاتُ مَوْجُودٍ لَيْسَ بِجِسْمٍ وَلَا هُوَ دَاخِلَ الْعَالَمِ وَلَا خَارِجَهُ مُمْكِنًا، فَإِثْبَاتُ مَوْجُودٍ فَوْقَ الْعَالَمِ وَلَيْسَ بِجِسْمٍ أَوْلَى بِالْإِمْكَانِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَلِكَ مُمْكِنًا بَطَلَ أَصْلُ قَوْلِ النُّفَاةِ] (١٠) ، وَثَبَتَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ [تَعَالَى] (١١) إِمَّا دَاخِلَ الْعَالَمِ وَإِمَّا خَارِجَهُ فَيَكُونُ قَوْلُهُمْ بِإِثْبَاتِ مَوْجُودٍ
(١) ب، ا: فَفِي الْجُمْلَةِ أَنَّ ;، م: فَحَاصِلُهُ أَنَّ. (٢) ع: تَحْتَجُّونَ بِهَا عَلَى قَوْلِ مُنَازِعِيكُمْ. (٣) ب، ا: مَا دَاوا، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ ظَاهِرٌ. (٤) ن، م: مُسَلِّمِينَ. (٥) ب، ا: مُمَاثِلًا لَهُ. (٦) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (٧) م، ن: وَيَظُنُّونَ. (٨) ع: أَنَّ تِلْكَ الْمُقَدِّمَةَ لَا تَسْتَلْزِمُ ; ن، م: أَنَّ تِلْكَ الْمُنَاظَرَةَ لَا تُسَلَّمُ. (٩) ب، ا: فَهِيَ أَوْلَى عَلَى قَوْلِ. (١٠) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (١١) تَعَالَى: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (ع) .

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