Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

And Abd Allāh [ibn Saīd] (1) ibn Kullāb, al-Hārith al-Muhāsibī, and Abū al-Abbās al-Qalānisī also held that view. Indeed, their affirmation was more complete than al-Asharī’s (2). [For them, divine elevation was among the rationally established attributes, whereas al-Asharī regarded it as an attribute established through revelation] (3), (3 and al-Asharī transmitted this 3) (4) from the adherents of the Sunnah and hadith, as he understood it from them (5). [Abū Muhammad ibn Kullāb was the teacher whose method al-Asharī followed, together with the leading authorities among his followers (6), such as al-Hārith al-Muhāsibī, Abū al-Abbās al-Qalānisī, Abū Sulaymān al-Dimashqī, and Abū Hātim al-Bustī (7).

A great many say:

His being distinct from the created world and above it is among the attributes known by reason, like knowledge and power. As for His rising over the Throne, it is one of the report-based attributes. This is the position of many followers of the four imams (8), and most of those belonging to—

(1) “Ibn Saʿīd” is added in manuscript ʿ. (2) N and M read: “the most complete of all people in affirmation than al-Ashʿarī,” which is erroneous. (3) The entire passage between square brackets is absent from B, A, N, and M. (4) The passage marked (3–3) is absent from A and B. (5) The phrase “as he understood it from them” is added in N and M. (6) The following comment is written in the margin of manuscript ʿ: “I have seen al-Ashʿarī explicitly affirm this in *al-Ibāna*.” (7) “Abū Sulaymān al-Dimashqī and Abū Hātim al-Bustī”: this is how it appears in manuscript ʿ. Abū Hātim al-Bustī was Muhammad ibn Hibbān, the hadith scholar who died in 354 AH; he is not listed among al-Ashʿarī’s followers, nor is Abū Sulaymān al-Dimashqī. We previously mentioned the disagreement concerning Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Qalānisī—whether he preceded al-Ashʿarī or was his contemporary. The same applies to al-Muhāsibī: he was a contemporary of Ibn Kullāb, and Ahmad ibn Hanbal shunned him because of his association with Ibn Kullāb. Nevertheless, these men are described here as al-Ashʿarī’s followers. Perhaps the intended meaning is that they were followers of Ibn Kullāb; however, it should be noted that Ibn Hibbān was born approximately thirty years after Ibn Kullāb’s death. (8) The following comment is written in the margin: “I have seen the author of *al-Tabsira* report that Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Shaybānī allowed all the hadiths concerning the divine attributes to stand according to their apparent meanings and did not interpret them figuratively. Likewise, Imam al-Baghawī states in *Sharh al-Sunna*: ‘We do not interpret figuratively any of the hadiths concerning the attributes; rather, we retain their apparent meanings.’ He strongly emphasized this, declaring it obligatory and permitting no alternative. He even stated that denying them constitutes *taʿtīl* (negation of the divine attributes), and that whoever denies them belongs to the *Muʿattila* (negationists). These include the hand, foot, finger, face, eye, descent, coming, *tahawwul* (transformation), and other such attributes. He said: ‘All these are attributes of Him, Most High, without modality.’ As for the Hanbalis, affirming the report-based attributes is the warp and weft of their doctrine. I have also seen in Abū Zayd’s *al-Risāla*—he was one of Mālik’s early and eminent followers and was even called ‘the Little Mālik’—the statement that He, Most High, is above the Throne in His Essence. This *Risāla* is exceedingly well known among the people of the Maghreb and in Egypt, Syria, and the Hijāz. It is said to have two hundred or more commentaries, and I possess one of them said to be by Ibn Zarūq.”
وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ [بْنُ سَعِيدِ] (١) بْنِ كُلَّابٍ وَالْحَارِثُ الْمُحَاسِبِيُّ وَأَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْقَلَانِسِيُّ كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ بِذَلِكَ، بَلْ كَانُوا أَكْمَلَ إِثْبَاتًا مِنَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ (٢) ، [فَالْعُلُوُّ عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الصِّفَاتِ الْعَقْلِيَّةِ، وَهُوَ عِنْدَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ مِنَ الصِّفَاتِ السَّمْعِيَّةِ] (٣) ، (٣ وَنَقَلَ ذَلِكَ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ ٣) (٤) عَنْ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ وَالْحَدِيثِ كَمَا فَهِمَهُ عَنْهُمْ (٥) . [وَكَانَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدِ بْنُ كُلَّابٍ هُوَ الْأُسْتَاذَ الَّذِي اقْتَدَى بِهِ الْأَشْعَرِيُّ فِي طَرِيقِهِ هُوَ وَأَئِمَّةُ أَصْحَابِهِ (٦) كَالْحَارِثِ الْمُحَاسِبِيِّ وَأَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ الْقَلَانِسِيِّ وَأَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ وَأَبِي حَاتِمٍ الْبُسْتِيِّ (٧) . وَخَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ يَقُولُونَ: إِنَّ اتِّصَافَهُ بِأَنَّهُ مُبَايِنٌ لِلْعَالَمِ عَالٍ عَلَيْهِ هُوَ مِنَ الصِّفَاتِ الْمَعْلُومَةِ بِالْعَقْلِ كَالْعِلْمِ وَالْقُدْرَةِ، وَأَمَّا الِاسْتِوَاءُ عَلَى الْعَرْشِ فَهُوَ مِنَ الصِّفَاتِ الْخَبَرِيَّةِ، وَهَذَا قَوْلُ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْأَئِمَّةِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ (٨) وَأَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ
(١) ابْنُ سَعِيدٍ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (ع) . (٢) ن، م: أَكْمَلَ النَّاسِ إِثْبَاتًا مِنَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ. (٣) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ جَمِيعُهُ مِنْ (ب) ، (أ) ، (ن) ، (م) . (٤) : (٣ - ٣) سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) . (٥) عِبَارَةُ " كَمَا فَهِمَهُ عَنْهُمْ ": زِيَادَةٌ فِي (ن) ، (م) . (٦) فِي هَامِشِ نُسْخَةِ (ع) كُتِبَ التَّعْلِيقُ التَّالِي: " وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ كَلَامَ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ يُصَرِّحُ بِذَلِكَ فِي الْإِبَانَةِ ". (٧) وَأَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ الدِّمَشْقِيِّ وَأَبِي حَاتِمٍ الْبُسْتِيِّ: كَذَا جَاءَ فِي (ع) ، وَأَبُو حَاتِمٍ الْبُسْتِيُّ هُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حِبَّانَ الْمُحَدِّثُ الْمُتَوَفَّى سَنَةَ ٣٥٤ وَلَمْ يُذْكَرْ ضِمْنَ أَصْحَابِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ وَكَذَلِكَ لَمْ يُذْكَرْ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ، وَسَبَقَ أَنْ ذَكَرْنَا الْخِلَافَ فِي أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ الْقَلَانِسِيِّ أَهُوَ مُتَقَدِّمٌ عَنِ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ أَمْ مُعَاصِرٌ لَهُ، وَكَذَا الْأَمْرُ بِخُصُوصِ الْمُحَاسِبِيِّ فَقَدْ كَانَ مُعَاصِرًا لِابْنِ كُلَّابٍ وَهِجْرَةِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ بِسَبَبِ صُحْبَتِهِ لَهُ، فَهَؤُلَاءِ مَوْصُفُونَ بِأَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ. وَقَدْ يَكُونُ الْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّهُمْ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ ابْنِ كُلَّابٍ وَلَكِنْ يُلَاحَظُ أَنَّ ابْنَ حِبَّانَ وُلِدَ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ ابْنِ كُلَّابٍ بِحَوَالَيْ ثَلَاثِينَ عَامًا. (٨) فِي الْهَامِشِ كُتِبَ التَّعْلِيقُ التَّالِي: " وَرَأَيْتُ صَاحِبَ " التَّبْصِرَةِ " يَنْقُلُ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَسَنٍ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ أَنَّهُ يُمِرُّ أَحَادِيثَ الصِّفَاتِ جَمِيعًا عَلَى ظَوَاهِرِهَا وَلَا يُئَوِّلُهَا، وَكَذَلِكَ الْإِمَامُ الْبَغَوِيُّ فِي " شَرْحِ السُّنَّةِ " يَقُولُ: جَمِيعُ مَا جَاءَ مِنْ أَحَادِيثِ الصِّفَاتِ لَا نُئَوِّلُهَا بَلْ نَبْقَى عَلَى ظَوَاهِرِهَا وَبَالَغَ فِيهِ وَقَالَ إِنَّهُ يَجِبُ ذَلِكَ وَلَا يَجُوزُ غَيْرُهُ حَتَّى إِنَّ إِنْكَارَهَا تَعْطِيلٌ وَمَنْ أَنْكَرَهَا فَهُوَ مِنَ الْمُعَطِّلَةِ وَذَلِكَ مِثْلُ الْيَدِ وَالْقَدَمِ وَالْإِصْبَعِ وَالْوَجْهِ وَالْعَيْنِ وَالنُّزُولِ وَالْإِتْيَانِ وَالتَّحَوُّلِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ صِفَاتٌ لَهُ تَعَالَى بِلَا كَيْفٍ، وَأَمَّا الْحَنَابِلَةُ فَسُدَاهُمْ وَلُحْمَتُهُمْ إِثْبَاتُ الصِّفَاتِ الْخَبَرِيَّةِ. وَرَأَيْتُ فِي كِتَابِ " الرِّسَالَةِ " لِأَبِي زَيْدٍ، وَهُوَ مِنْ قُدَمَاءِ أَصْحَابِ مَالِكٍ وَعُظَمَائِهِمْ حَتَّى يُقَالَ لَهُ: مَالِكٌ الصَّغِيرُ، يَقُولُ فِي تِلْكَ الرِّسَالَةِ: إِنَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى الْعَرْشِ بِذَاتِهِ، وَهَذِهِ الرِّسَالَةُ فِي غَايَةِ الشُّهْرَةِ عِنْدَ الْمَغَارِبَةِ وَفِي مِصْرَ وَالشَّامِ وَالْحِجَازِ، وَيُقَالُ إِنَّ لَهَا شُرُوحًا تَبْلُغُ إِلَى مِائَتَيْنِ أَوْ أَزِيدَ وَعِنْدِي شَرْحٌ مِنْهَا يُقَالُ لَهُ: ابْنُ زَرُوقٍ "

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