Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

According to this view, it should not be said:

“Allah rewards the obedient to avoid injustice” (1).

[For that which is intrinsically impossible—and thus cannot be an object of power—cannot conceivably occur. Consequently, in the view of these people, anything within Allah’s power that He brings about cannot be injustice. They hold that Allah may punish a servant in this world and the Hereafter without any sin, just as they hold that He may punish the children and the insane among the disbelievers without any sin. Some of them categorically assert that the children of the disbelievers will enter the Fire, while others consider this possible but suspend judgment on the matter. A group of Ahmad’s followers categorically affirm it and attribute it to Ahmad, but this is an erroneous attribution to him. Rather, Ahmad’s explicit statements, established through recurrent transmission from him, as well as the statements of other Imāms, accord with the authentic hadiths on this matter.

Their confusion arose only because, when Ahmad was asked about them in one of his responses, he answered with the authentic hadith:

“Allah knows best what they would have done.”

They therefore assumed that Ahmad was citing the following hadith: “It was narrated from Khadīja that she asked the Messenger—peace and blessings be upon him—about the children of the polytheists, and he replied:

‘They are in the Fire.’

She asked, ‘Without having committed any deeds?’

He replied, ‘Allah knows best what they would have done.’” The hadith scholars regard this report as a fabricated lie (2). Even hadith authorities of lesser stature than Ahmad would recognize this, let alone an authority such as Ahmad.

(1) M reads: “He rewards the obedient.” B has only: “unjust.” Following this word is a passage absent from B, A, N, and M; the lacuna ends on p. 309. (2) I could not find this hadith transmitted on Khadīja’s authority. I did, however, find a similar report cited by al-Hāfiz Ibn Hajar in *Fath al-Bārī*, 3/196, in his commentary on the hadiths in the chapter “What Has Been Said Concerning the Children of the Polytheists.” He states: “It was narrated from ʿAbd al-Razzāq, through Abū Muʿādh, from al-Zuhrī, from ʿUrwa, from ʿĀʾisha, who said: Khadīja asked the Prophet—peace and blessings be upon him—about the children of the polytheists, and he replied, ‘They are with their fathers.’ She asked him again later, and he replied, ‘Allah knows best what they would have done.’ She then asked him after Islam had become firmly established, whereupon the verse was revealed: ‘No bearer of burdens shall bear another’s burden.’ He said, ‘They remain upon the *fitra* (primordial natural disposition),’ or he said, ‘They are in Paradise.’ Abū Muʿādh is Sulaymān ibn Arqam, and he is weak.” Ibn Abī Hātim discusses Sulaymān ibn Arqam in *al-Jarh wa-l-Taʿdīl*, vol. [0–9], part [0–9], pp. [0–9]00–101, and cites the assessments of the leading hadith authorities, all of whom judged him weak. Among them is Yahyā ibn Maʿīn’s statement: “Sulaymān ibn Arqam, Abū Muʿādh, is not worth a *fals* and amounts to nothing.” Another is the report of ʿAbd al-Rahmān: “I heard my father say: ‘Sulaymān ibn Arqam is an abandoned hadith narrator.’” Ibn Hajar also cites another hadith from ʿĀʾisha conveying the same meaning in *Fath al-Bārī*, 3/195: “Ahmad narrated from ʿĀʾisha: I asked the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—about the children of the Muslims. He replied, ‘They are in Paradise.’ I then asked about the children of the polytheists, and he replied, ‘They are in the Fire.’ I said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, they did not live long enough to perform deeds.’ He replied, ‘Your Lord knows best what they would have done. If you wished, I could let you hear their cries and weeping in the Fire.’” Ibn Hajar comments: “This hadith is extremely weak because its chain of transmission includes Abū ʿAqīl, the client of Buhayya, who is an abandoned narrator.” Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr cites the hadith with similar wording in *Tajrīd al-Tamhīd*, p. 322, and comments: “This Abū ʿAqīl, the associate of Buhayya, is not the sort of narrator whose reports are accepted as evidence by scholars of transmitted reports.” See also the biography of Abū ʿAqīl Yahyā ibn al-Mutawakkil in *al-Jarh wa-l-Taʿdīl*, vol. [0–9], part [0–9], pp. [0–9]89–190, and *Lisān al-Mīzān*, 6/767. I also found a portion of this hadith in *al-Musnad* (al-Halabī edition), 6/208. Its chain reads: from Abū ʿAqīl Yahyā ibn al-Mutawakkil, from Buhayya, from ʿĀʾisha.
فَعَلَى هَذَا الْقَوْلِ لَا يُقَالُ: يُثِيبُ الطَّائِعَ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ ظُلْمًا (١) . [فَإِنَّ الْمُمْتَنِعَ لِذَاتِهِ الَّذِي لَا يَكُونُ مَقْدُورًا لَا يُتَصَوَّرُ وُقُوعُهُ، فَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ كَانَ مَقْدُورًا وَفُعِلَ لَمْ يَكُنْ ظُلْمًا عِنْدَ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَهَؤُلَاءِ يُجَوِّزُونَ أَنْ يُعَذِّبَ اللَّهُ الْعَبْدَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ بِلَا ذَنْبٍ، كَمَا يُجَوِّزُونَ تَعْذِيبَ أَطْفَالِ الْكُفَّارِ وَمَجَانِينَهُمْ بِلَا ذَنْبٍ، ثُمَّ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ مَنْ يَقْطَعُ بِدُخُولِ أَطْفَالِ الْكُفَّارِ النَّارَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُجَوِّزُهُ وَيَتَوَقَّفُ فِيهِ، وَطَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ أَحْمَدَ يَقْطَعُونَ بِذَلِكَ وَيَنْقُلُونَهُ عَنْ أَحْمَدَ، وَهُوَ خَطَّاءٌ عَلَى أَحْمَدَ، بَلْ نُصُوصُ أَحْمَدَ الْمُتَوَاتِرَةُ عَنْهُ وَعَنْ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ مُطَابَقَةٌ لِلْأَحَادِيثِ الصَّحِيحَةِ فِي ذَلِكَ. وَهَؤُلَاءِ إِنَّمَا اشْتَبَهَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَمْرُ لِأَنَّ أَحْمَدَ سُئِلَ عَنْهُمْ فِي بَعْضِ أَجْوِبَتِهِ فَأَجَابَ بِالْحَدِيثِ الصَّحِيحِ: " «اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ» " . فَظَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ أَنَّ أَحْمَدَ أَجَابَ بِحَدِيثٍ «رُوِيَ عَنْ خَدِيجَةَ أَنَّهَا سَأَلَتِ الرَّسُولَ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَنْ أَطْفَالِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَقَالَ: " إِنَّهُمْ فِي النَّارِ " ، فَقَالَتْ: بِلَا عَمَلٍ؟ فَقَالَ: " اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ» . وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ كَذِبٌ مَوْضُوعٌ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ (٢) ، وَمَنْ هُوَ دُونَ أَحْمَدَ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْحَدِيثِ يَعْرِفُ هَذَا فَضْلًا عَنْ مِثْلِ أَحْمَدَ.
(١) فِي (م) : يُثِيبُ الْمُطِيعَ. وَفِي (ب) (فَقَطْ) ظَالِمًا. وَبَعْدَ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةِ يُوجَدُ كَلَامٌ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ب) ، (أ) ، (ن) ، (م) وَيَنْتَهِي السَّقْطُ فِي ص ٣٠٩. (٢) لَمْ أَجِدْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ مَرْوِيًّا عَنْ خَدِيجَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا وَلَكِنِّي وَجَدْتُ حَدِيثًا قَرِيبًا مِنْهُ ذَكَرَهُ الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ فِي فَتْحِ الْبَارِي ٣/١٩٦ فِي شَرْحِهِ لِأَحَادِيثِ بَابِ " مَا قِيلَ فِي أَوْلَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ " فَقَالَ: " وَرُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي مُعَاذٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتْ سَأَلَتْ خَدِيجَةُ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَنْ أَوْلَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَقَالَ: هُمْ مَعَ آبَائِهِمْ، فَسَأَلَتْهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَتْهُ بَعْدَ مَا اسْتَحْكَمَ الْإِسْلَامُ فَنَزَلَ (وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى) قَالَ: هُمْ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ، أَوْ قَالَ: فِي الْجَنَّةِ. وَأَبُو مُعَاذٍ هُوَ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ ". وَقَدْ تَكَلَّمَ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ (الْجَرْحِ وَالتَّعْدِيلِ، ج [٠ - ٩] ، ق [٠ - ٩] ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٠٠ - ١٠١) عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ وَأَوْرَدَ أَقْوَالَ الْأَئِمَّةِ فِيهِ، وَكُلُّهَا عَلَى تَضْعِيفِهِ مِنْهَا مَا ذَكَرَهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ: سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ أَبُو مُعَاذٍ لَيْسَ يَسْوَى فَلْسًا وَلَيْسَ بِشَيْءٍ، وَمِنْهَا حَدِيثُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ: مَتْرُوكُ الْحَدِيثِ. وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ (فَتْحِ الْبَارِي ٣/١٩٥) حَدِيثًا آخَرَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ بِنَفْسِ الْمَعْنَى: " وَرَوَى أَحْمَدُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ: سَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - عَنْ وِلْدَانِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، قَالَ: فِي الْجَنَّةِ. وَعَنْ أَوْلَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، قَالَ: فِي النَّارِ. فَقَلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَمْ يُدْرِكُوا الْأَعْمَالَ؟ قَالَ: رَبُّكِ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ، لَوْ شِئْتِ أَسْمَعْتُكِ تَضَاغِيَهُمْ فِي النَّارِ ". وَعَلَّقَ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ عَلَى ذَلِكَ بِقَوْلِهِ: " وَهُوَ حَدِيثٌ ضَعِيفٌ جِدًّا لِأَنَّ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ أَبَا عَقِيلٍ مَوْلَى بُهَيَّةَ وَهُوَ مَتْرُوكٌ ". وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ بِأَلْفَاظٍ مُقَارِبَةٍ ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْبَرِّ فِي تَجْرِيدِ التَّمْهِيدِ، ص ٣٢٢، وَعَلَّقَ بِقَوْلِهِ: وَأَبُو عَقِيلٍ هَذَا صَاحِبُ بُهَيَّةَ لَا يُحْتَجُّ بِمِثْلِهِ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالنَّقْلِ ". وَانْظُرْ تَرْجَمَةَ أَبِي عَقِيلٍ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ فِي: الْجَرْحِ وَالتَّعْدِيلِ، ج [٠ - ٩] ، ق [٠ - ٩] ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٨٩ - ١٩٠ ; لِسَانِ الْمِيزَانِ ٦/٧٦٧. وَوُجِدْتُ فِي الْمُسْنَدِ (ط. الْحَلَبِيِّ) ٦/٢٠٨ جُزْءًا مِنْ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَفِي سَنَدِهِ: عَنْ أَبِي عَقِيلٍ يَحْيَى بْنِ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَنْ بُهَيَّةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ.

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