make a human being neither a believer nor an unbeliever, neither righteous nor wicked; nor can He create him anxious—fretful when evil touches him and withholding when good touches him. All these things are possible; none of them is impossible in itself. Yet in their view, Allah has no power over any of them(1). Thus, their obfuscation becomes clear when they say that “[Allah] has power(2) over everything that lies within His power.”
Ahl al-Sunnah, however, hold that Allah [the Exalted](3) has power over all things, and every possible thing falls within this.
As for what is impossible in itself—such as a single thing being [existent](4) and nonexistent—it has no reality, its existence(5) cannot be conceived, and, by the consensus of rational people, it is not called a thing. This category includes the creation of something like Himself and similar notions.
(1) N and M read: “In their view, He has no power over any of them.” In the margin of manuscript (Ayn), the annotator repeated the passage beginning, “The doctrine of these Imāmiyya and of their shaykhs among the Qadariyya…” through this point. He then wrote: “It is astonishing that the Māturīdiyya among the Hanafis, although they say that He, the Exalted, has power over all things, also say that it is impossible for Him, the Exalted, to grant bliss to the wicked, punish the obedient, or consign an obedient believer to the Fire forever—in the sense that He has no power to do so. They likewise deem foolishness, falsehood, and injustice impossible for Him, the Exalted, in the sense that He has no power to commit them. In sum, they uphold the principle of wisdom, maintaining that He must do everything consonant with wisdom, while its opposite would be foolishness and therefore beyond His power. They even say that sending messengers must necessarily occur because it accords with wisdom; thus, not sending them is beyond His power because it would contravene wisdom and therefore constitute foolishness—and foolishness is beyond His power. Upon this corrupt principle they have built corrupt doctrines that the fundamental principles of religion reject. May Allah pardon us and them.”
(2) B and A read: “Thus, their obfuscation became evident in his statement, ‘has power’”; N reads: “Thus, their obfuscation became evident: ‘has power’”; M reads: “Thus, their obfuscation became evident in their statement, ‘has power.’”
(3) “The Exalted” is omitted from N and M.
(4) “Existent” is omitted from N.
(5) The phrase “and its existence cannot be conceived” is omitted from (Ayn) alone.