Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

He said (1): “The fourth group among the Rāfidah (2) maintain that Allah had not always been living, but then became living.

The fifth group among the Rāfidah—the followers of Shaytān al-Tāq (3)—maintain that Allah is knowing in Himself and is not ignorant, but (4) that He knows things only when He determines and wills them. Before He determines and wills them (5), however, it is impossible for Him to know them—not because He is not knowing, but because a thing does not become a thing until He determines it and constitutes it as a thing (6) through determination; and determination, according to them, is the will.”

(1) Immediately following the preceding discussion in *al-Maqālāt*, 1/107. (2) A and B read: “among the Rāfidah.” (3) Abū Ja‘far ibn Alī ibn al-Nu‘mān ibn Abī Tarīfah al-Bajalī al-Kūfī al-Ahwal was known as Shaytān al-Tāq, while the Shī‘ah call him Mu’min al-Tāq. Al-Najāshī said: “He transmitted reports from Alī ibn al-Husayn, Abū Ja‘far al-Bāqir, and Abū Abd Allah Ja‘far al-Sādiq—peace be upon them. His shop was in Tāq al-Mahāmil in Kufa. People would consult him about the appraisal of coins, and his assessments would prove to be exactly as he had stated; hence he was called Shaytān al-Tāq.” Al-Najāshī and others acknowledge that he upheld *al-raj‘ah* (the doctrine of return). He died around 160 AH. On him and his doctrine, see al-Najāshī, *al-Rijāl*, pp. [0–9]49–250; al-Nawbakhtī, *Firaq al-Shī‘ah*, p. 100; al-Maqrīzī, *al-Khitat*, 2/348, 353; *Lisān al-Mīzān*, 5/300–301; *al-Milal wa-al-Nihal*, 1/166–168; *A‘yān al-Shī‘ah*, 46/162; al-Tūsī, *al-Fihrist*, pp. [0–9]57–158; *Rijāl al-Tūsī*, pp. [0–9]02–303, 359–360; Ibn Shahrāshūb, *Ma‘ālim al-‘Ulamā’* (Najaf ed., 1380/1961), p. [0–9]5; Ibn al-Nadīm, *al-Fihrist*, p. [0–9]76; al-Kashshī, *al-Rijāl*, pp. [0–9]22–126; and al-Ziriklī, *al-A‘lām*, 7/154. (4) N and M read: “but.” (5) N and M read: “wills them and determines them.” (6) The reading *wa-yushayyi’uhu* (and constitutes it as a thing) appears in A and B. N and M read *yunshi’uhu* (brings it into being), while *al-Maqālāt* reads *yuthbituhu* (establishes it). See the Ritter edition, 1/37, n. 10.
قَالَ (١) : " وَالْفِرْقَةُ الرَّابِعَةُ مِنَ الرَّوَافِضِ (٢) : يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَزَلْ لَا حَيًّا ثُمَّ صَارَ حَيًّا. وَالْفِرْقَةُ الْخَامِسَةُ مِنَ الرَّوَافِضِ: وَهُمْ أَصْحَابُ " شَيْطَانِ الطَّاقِ " (٣) يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَالِمٌ فِي نَفْسِهِ لَيْسَ بِجَاهِلٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ (٤) إِنَّمَا يَعْلَمُ الْأَشْيَاءَ إِذَا قَدَّرَهَا وَأَرَادَهَا، فَأَمَّا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقَدِّرَهَا وَيُرِيدَهَا (٥) فَمُحَالٌ أَنْ يَعْلَمَهَا، لَا لِأَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِعَالِمٍ، وَلَكِنَّ الشَّيْءَ لَا يَكُونُ شَيْئًا حَتَّى يُقَدِّرَهُ وَيُشَيِّئَهُ (٦) بِالتَّقْدِيرِ، وَالتَّقْدِيرُ عِنْدَهُمُ الْإِرَادَةُ " .
(١) بَعْدَ الْكَلَامِ السَّابِقِ مُبَاشَرَةً فِي " الْمَقَالَاتِ " ١/١٠٧. (٢) أ، ب: مِنَ الرَّافِضَةِ. (٣) أَبُو جَعْفَرِ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ أَبِي طَرِيفَةَ الْبَجَلِيُّ الْكُوفِيُّ الْأَحْوَلُ، وَيَعْرِفُ بِشَيْطَانِ الطَّاقِ، وَيُسَمِّيهِ الشِّيعَةُ بِمُؤْمِنَ الطَّاقِ. قَالَ النَّجَاشِيُّ: " رَوَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (الْبَاقِرِ) وَأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ (جَعْفَرٍ الصَّادِقِ) عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلَامُ. . وَكَانَ دُكَّانُهُ فِي طَاقِ الْمَحَامِلِ بِالْكُوفَةِ فَيُرْجَعُ إِلَيْهِ فِي النَّقْدِ فَيَرُدُّ رَدًّا يَخْرُجُ كَمَا يَقُولُ فَيُقَالُ: شَيْطَانُ الطَّاقِ ". وَيَعْتَرِفُ النَّجَاشِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ بِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ بِالرَّجْعَةِ، وَتُوَفِّيَ حَوَالَيْ ١٦٠. انْظُرْ عَنْهُ وَعَنْ مَذْهَبِهِ الرِّجَالَ لِلنَّجَاشِيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٤٩ - ٢٥٠ ; فِرَقَ الشِّيعَةِ لِلنُّوبَخْتِيِّ، ص ١٠٠ ; الْخُطَطَ لِلْمَقَرِّيزِيِّ ٢/٣٤٨، ٣٥٣ ; لِسَانَ الْمِيزَانِ ٥/٣٠٠ - ٣٠١ ; الْمِلَلَ وَالنِّحَلَ ١/١٦٦ - ١٦٨ ; أَعْيَانَ الشِّيعَةِ ٤٦/١٦٢ ; الْفِهْرِسْتَ لِلطُّوسِيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٥٧ - ١٥٨ ; رِجَالَ الطُّوسِيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٠٢ - ٣٠٣، ٣٥٩ - ٣٦٠ ; مَعَالِمَ الْعُلَمَاءِ لِابْنِ شَهْرَاشُوبَ (ط. النَّجَفِ، ١٣٨٠/١٩٦١) ص [٠ - ٩] ٥ ; الْفِهْرِسْتَ لِابْنِ النَّدِيمِ ص [٠ - ٩] ٧٦، الرِّجَالَ لِلْكَشِّيِّ، ص [٠ - ٩] ٢٢ - ١٢٦ ; الْأَعْلَامَ لِلزِّرِكْلِيِّ ٧/١٥٤. (٤) ن، م: وَلَكِنْ. (٥) ن، م: يُرِيدَهَا وَيُقَدِّرَهَا. (٦) وَيُشَيِّئَهُ: كَذَا فِي أ، ب.، وَفِي ن، م: يُنْشِئَهُ، الْمَقَالَاتِ: يُثْبِتَهُ (وَانْظُرْ ط. رَيْتَرْ ١٠/٣٧ ت [٠ - ٩] ) .

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