created, as well as affirming divine decree and other doctrines of Ahl al-Sunnah and the hadith scholars. In his book al-Maqālāt, he stated that he upholds what he had related from Ahl al-Sunnah and the hadith scholars (1).
In al-Ibāna, he stated that he follows the position of Imam Ahmad. He said (2):
“Indeed, he (3) is the consummate imam and the virtuous leader (4), through whom [Allah] made the truth manifest (5), clarified the path (6), and suppressed the innovations of the innovators, the deviation of the deviants, and the doubt of the doubters.”
He also said (7):
“If someone were to say (8), ‘You have rejected the doctrines of the Jahmiyya, the Mu'tazila, the Qadariyya, [and the Murji'a] (9),’”
while in doing so he argued on the basis of premises that he had conceded
(1) Al-Ash'arī states in *Maqālāt al-Islāmiyyīn*, 1:325, after a section entitled “This Is an Account of the General Doctrine of the Hadith Scholars and *Ahl al-Sunnah* (the People of the Sunnah)” (1:320–325): “We affirm everything we have mentioned of their doctrine, and it is the position we adopt.”
(2) The following passage appears in al-Ash'arī’s *al-Ibāna 'an Usūl al-Diyāna*, in the chapter “Clarifying the Doctrine of the People of Truth and the Sunnah,” pp. [0–9], al-Munīriyya edition, undated. We shall collate the text of *Minhāj al-Sunna* with this passage and with the edition prepared by Dr. Fauqiyya Husayn Mahmūd, pp. 70–271, Dār al-Ansār, Cairo, 1397/1977.
(3) *Al-Ibāna* reads: “because he is.”
(4) *Al-Ibāna* reads: “the virtuous imam and the consummate leader.”
(5) N reads: “who thereby made the truth manifest,” omitting the name “Allah.”
(6) *Al-Ibāna* reads: “and through him removed error and clarified the path.” Dr. Fauqiyya’s edition reads “repelled” instead of “removed.”
(7) The following passage appears in *al-Ibāna* at the beginning of the preceding section (pp. [0–9]), immediately after the heading.
(8) *Al-Ibāna* reads: “If someone were to say to us.”
(9) *Al-Ibāna* reads: “the doctrines of the Mu'tazila, the Qadariyya, the Jahmiyya, the Harūriyya, the Rāfida, and the Murji'a.” B and A omit “the Qadariyya”; N and M omit “the Murji'a.”