Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

“those whose hearts are to be reconciled”

[Surah al-Tawba: 60]

and His saying:

“And He united their hearts. Had you spent all that is on earth, you could not have united their hearts, but Allah united them. Indeed, He is Almighty, All-Wise.”

[Surah al-Anfāl: 63]

And His saying:

“when you were enemies, then He united your hearts, and by His grace you became brothers.”

[Surah Āl Imrān: 103]

People use “composed” and “composite” in various technical senses, just as grammarians have their own technical usage. They may mean by this a complete sentence; they may mean by it (1) a compound formed by fusion, such as Baalbek; and they may mean an annexed expression and anything resembling it—namely, what takes the accusative case in the vocative.

Logicians and similar scholastic theologians have other technical usages. By it they mean an expression whose constituent part denotes part of its meaning. This includes an annexed expression when the annexation itself is intended rather than its use as a proper name; so (2) Baalbek and similar names are not included.

Some of them treat “composed” and “composite” as equivalent, while others distinguish between them. All of this concerns composition in expressions.

As for composition in concrete entities, when these thinkers say that “[indeed]” (3) a body is that which is composed and composite, they do not mean (4) something that was separate and then brought together, nor something capable of being separated. Rather, they mean something in which one side is distinct from another, such as the sun, the moon, and other bodies.

As for the philosophers, “composed” and “composite” have a broader meaning in their terminology (5) than this; they include

(1) *Bihi* (“by it”) is omitted in A and B. (2) A and B read *wa-lā* (“and not”). (3) *Inna* (“indeed”) is an addition in A and B. (4) A reads *yaʿnū* (“they mean”); B, *lā yaʿnūna* (“they do not mean”); and M, *lam yaʿnūna* (“they did not mean”). (5) N and M read: *fa-al-muʾallafu ʿindahum wa-al-murakkabu* (“thus, according to them, the composed and the composite”).
{وَالْمُؤَلَّفَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ} [سُورَةُ التَّوْبَةِ: ٦٠] ، وَقَوْلُهُ: {وَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ لَوْ أَنْفَقْتَ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا مَا أَلَّفْتَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ أَلَّفَ بَيْنَهُمْ إِنَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ} [سُورَةُ الْأَنْفَالِ: ٦٣] ، وَقَوْلُهُ: {إِذْ كُنْتُمْ أَعْدَاءً فَأَلَّفَ بَيْنَ قُلُوبِكُمْ فَأَصْبَحْتُمْ بِنِعْمَتِهِ إِخْوَانًا} [سُورَةُ آلِ عِمْرَانَ: ١٠٣] . وَلِلنَّاسِ اصْطِلَاحَاتٌ فِي الْمُؤَلَّفِ وَالْمُرَكَّبِ، كَمَا لِلنُّحَاةِ اصْطِلَاحٌ، فَقَدْ يَعْنُونَ بِذَلِكَ الْجُمْلَةَ التَّامَّةَ، وَقَدْ يَعْنُونَ بِهِ (١) مَا رُكِّبَ تَرْكِيبَ مَزْجٍ كَبَعْلَبَكَّ، وَقَدْ يَعْنُونَ بِهِ الْمُضَافَ وَمَا يُشْبِهُهُ وَهُوَ مَا يُنْصَبُ فِي النِّدَاءِ. وَلِلْمَنْطِقِيِّينَ وَنَحْوِهِمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكَلَامِ اصْطِلَاحَاتٌ أُخَرُ يَعْنُونَ بِهِ مَا دَلَّ جُزْؤُهُ عَلَى جُزْءِ مَعْنَاهُ، فَيَدْخُلُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمُضَافُ إِذَا قُصِدَ بِهِ الْإِضَافَةُ دُونَ الْعَلَمِيَّةِ، فَلَا (٢) يَدْخُلُ فِيهِ بَعْلَبَكَّ وَنَحْوُهُ. وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُسَوِّي بَيْنَ الْمُؤَلَّفِ وَالْمُرَكَّبِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَهَذَا كُلُّهُ تَأْلِيفٌ فِي الْأَقْوَالِ. وَأَمَّا التَّأْلِيفُ فِي الْأَعْيَانِ، فَأُولَئِكَ إِذَا قَالُوا: [إِنَّ] (٣) الْجِسْمَ هُوَ الْمُؤَلَّفُ وَالْمُرَكَّبُ، لَمْ يَعْنُوا (٤) بِهِ مَا كَانَ مُفْتَرِقًا فَاجْتَمَعَ وَلَا مَا يَقْبَلُ التَّفْرِيقَ، بَلْ يَعْنُونَ بِهِ مَا تَمَيَّزَ مِنْهُ جَانِبٌ عَنْ جَانِبٍ، كَالشَّمْسِ وَالْقَمَرِ وَغَيْرِهِمَا مِنَ الْأَجْسَامِ. وَأَمَّا الْمُتَفَلْسِفَةُ فَالْمُؤَلَّفُ وَالْمُرَكَّبُ عِنْدَهُمْ (٥) أَعَمُّ مِنْ هَذَا، يُدْخِلُونَ
(١) بِهِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) . (٢) أ، ب: وَلَا. (٣) إِنَّ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (أ) ، (ب) . (٤) أ: يَعْنُوا، ب: لَا يَعْنُونَ ; م: لَمْ يَعْنُونَ. (٥) ن، م: فَالْمُؤَلَّفُ عِنْدَهُمْ وَالْمُرَكَّبُ.

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