Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

He would be composite; whatever is composite depends upon its part, and its part is other than it (1); and whatever depends upon another cannot be necessary in itself.”

It was said to them:

Regarding your statement, “He would be composite”:

If by this you mean that another had composed Him, that He came together after having been separate, or that He is susceptible to division, then the claimed consequence (2) is false. For the discussion concerns (3) attributes inseparable from their possessor, whose existence without them is impossible. The Lord [Glorified is He] (4) cannot possibly exist without being living, knowing, and powerful. His life, knowledge, and power are attributes inseparable from His Essence.

If, however, by “composite” you mean an entity possessed of attributes (5), or something similar, you are told 11) (6): Why 12) (7) do you say that this is impossible?

Regarding their statement, “Whatever is composite depends upon something other than itself,” it is said:

As for what is composite according to the first interpretation, it depends upon something separate from it, and this is impossible for Allah. But as for one characterized by attributes of perfection inseparable from His Essence—whom you call composite—nothing in His being characterized by them entails that He depends upon anything separate from Him.

If you say:

“They are other than Him; He cannot exist without them, and this is dependence upon them,”

(1) N and M read: “upon its part and something other than itself.” (2) N reads: “then the necessary concomitance.” (3) N and M read: “from.” (4) “Glorified is He” is an addition in A and B. (5) N and M read: “for the possessor of attributes,” which is a textual corruption. (6) N reads: “to them.” (7) A and B read: “even if.”
لَكَانَ مُرَكَّبًا، وَالْمُرَكَّبُ مُفْتَقِرٌ إِلَى جُزْئِهِ، وَجُزْؤُهُ غَيْرُهُ (١) ، وَالْمُفْتَقِرُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ لَا يَكُونُ وَاجِبًا بِنَفْسِهِ ". قِيلَ لَهُمْ: قَوْلُكُمْ: " لَكَانَ مُرَكَّبًا ". إِنْ أَرَدْتُمْ بِهِ: لَكَانَ غَيْرُهُ قَدْ رَكَّبَهُ، أَوْ لَكَانَ مُجْتَمِعًا بَعْدَ افْتِرَاقِهِ، أَوْ لَكَانَ قَابِلًا لِلتَّفْرِيقِ، فَاللَّازِمُ (٢) بَاطِلٌ، فَإِنَّ الْكَلَامَ هُوَ فِي (٣) الصِّفَاتِ اللَّازِمَةِ لِلْمَوْصُوفِ الَّتِي يَمْتَنِعُ وُجُودُهُ بِدُونِهَا، فَإِنَّ الرَّبَّ [سُبْحَانَهُ] (٤) يَمْتَنِعُ أَنْ يَكُونَ مَوْجُودًا وَهُوَ لَيْسَ بِحَيٍّ وَلَا عَالِمٍ وَلَا قَادِرٍ، وَحَيَاتُهُ وَعِلْمُهُ وَقُدْرَتُهُ صِفَاتٌ لَازِمَةٌ لِذَاتِهِ. وَإِنْ أَرَدْتُمْ بِالْمُرَكَّبِ الْمَوْصُوفَ (٥) أَوْ مَا يُشْبِهُ ذَلِكَ. قِيلَ لَكُمْ ١١) (٦) : وَلِمَ ١٢) (٧) قُلْتُمْ: إِنَّ ذَلِكَ مُمْتَنِعٌ؟ قَوْلُهُمْ: " وَالْمُرَكَّبُ مُفْتَقِرٌ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ ". قِيلَ: أَمَّا الْمُرَكَّبُ بِالتَّفْسِيرِ الْأَوَّلِ فَهُوَ مُفْتَقِرٌ إِلَى مَا يُبَايِنُهُ، وَهَذَا مُمْتَنِعٌ عَلَى اللَّهِ. وَأَمَّا الْمَوْصُوفُ بِصِفَاتِ الْكَمَالِ اللَّازِمَةِ لِذَاتِهِ الَّذِي سَمَّيْتُمُوهُ أَنْتُمْ مُرَكَّبًا، فَلَيْسَ فِي اتِّصَافِهِ هُنَا بِهَا مَا يُوجِبُ كَوْنَهُ مُفْتَقِرًا إِلَى مُبَايِنٍ لَهُ. فَإِنْ قُلْتُمْ: هِيَ غَيْرُهُ، وَهُوَ لَا يُوجَدُ إِلَّا بِهَا، وَهَذَا افْتِقَارٌ إِلَيْهَا.
(١) ن، م: إِلَى جُزْئِهِ وَغَيْرِهِ. (٢) ن: فَالتَّلَازُمُ. (٣) ن، م: مِنْ. (٤) سُبْحَانَهُ: زِيَادَةٌ فِي (أ) ، (ب) . (٥) ن، م: لِلْمَوْصُوفِ، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ. (٦) ن: لَهُمْ. (٧) أ، ب: وَلَوْ.

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