Minhaj as-SunnahIbn Taimiya

If it is said:

“He is in a place,” in the sense (1) that something other than Him encompasses Him and that He depends upon something other than Him,

then Allah is exalted above needing anything other than Him, being encompassed by anything other than Him, and the like.

If by “place” is meant what is above the world and that above which the Lord is, it is said:

[If there is] (2) nothing but a Creator or a created thing, and the Creator is distinct from the created (3), then He is the Manifest, above whom there is nothing.

If [someone] (4) says, “Glorified is He, He is above His heavens, upon His Throne (5), distinct from His creation,” this meaning is true, whether or not you call it a place.

Once the intended meaning is understood, the doctrine of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā'ah (6) is what the Book and the Sunnah indicate and what the Muslim community’s early generations unanimously affirmed. This is the position (7) that accords with sound transmitted evidence and clear reason.

[Discussion of his statement, “Otherwise, He would be originated”]

[Refutation of the argument of the Rāfidah and the Mu'tazilah]

As for his statement:

“Otherwise, He would be originated,”

its import is that if He were a body or were in a place, He would be originated.

[It is said to him: We have already explained which meanings of “body” and “place” must be negated of Him, and which may not be negated of Him—even if some people call it a body and a place. But what is the evidence that, if He were so, He would be originated?] (8) Yet you (9) have cited no evidence for that.

(1) N and M: “He is in the meaning, in the sense of”; this is a textual corruption. (2) The passage in square brackets is omitted from N and M. (3) N and M: “and no created thing is distinct from the Creator.” (4) “The speaker” is omitted from N and M. (5) N and M: “above His Throne.” (6) “And the Community” is omitted from A and B. (7) N and M: “the rational.” (8) The passage in square brackets is omitted from N alone. (9) N: “then you”; M: “you said.”
فَإِنْ قِيلَ: هُوَ فِي مَكَانٍ بِمَعْنَى (١) إِحَاطَةِ غَيْرِهِ بِهِ وَافْتِقَارِهِ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ. فَاللَّهُ مُنَزَّهٌ عَنِ الْحَاجَةِ إِلَى الْغَيْرِ وَإِحَاطَةِ الْغَيْرِ بِهِ وَنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ. وَإِنْ أُرِيدَ بِالْمَكَانِ مَا فَوْقَ الْعَالَمِ وَمَا هُوَ الرَّبُّ فَوْقَهُ؛ قِيلَ: [إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ] (٢) إِلَّا خَالِقٌ أَوْ مَخْلُوقٌ، وَالْخَالِقُ بَائِنٌ مِنَ الْمَخْلُوقِ (٣) ، كَانَ هُوَ الظَّاهِرُ الَّذِي لَيْسَ فَوْقَهُ شَيْءٌ. وَإِذَا قَالَ [الْقَائِلُ] (٤) : هُوَ سُبْحَانَهُ فَوْقَ سَمَاوَاتِهِ عَلَى عَرْشِهِ (٥) بَائِنٌ مِنْ خَلْقِهُ ; فَهَذَا الْمَعْنَى حَقٌّ سَوَاءً: سَمَّيْتَ ذَلِكَ مَكَانًا أَوْ لَمْ تُسَمِّهِ. وَإِذَا عُرِفَ الْمَقْصُودُ فَمَذْهَبُ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ وَالْجَمَاعَةِ (٦) مَا دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابُ وَالسُّنَّةُ وَاتَّفَقَ عَلَيْهِ سَلَفُ الْأُمَّةِ، وَهُوَ الْقَوْلُ (٧) الْمُطَابِقُ لِصَحِيحِ الْمَنْقُولِ وَصَرِيحِ الْمَعْقُولِ. [الكلام على قوله وَإِلَّا لَكَانَ مُحْدَثًا] [الرد على دليل الرافضة والمعتزلة] وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: " وَإِلَّا لَكَانَ مُحْدَثًا " فَمَضْمُونُهُ أَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ جِسْمًا أَوْ فِي مَكَانٍ لَكَانَ مُحْدَثًا. [فَيُقَالُ لَهُ: قَدْ بَيَّنَّا مَا يُنْفَى عَنْهُ مِنْ مَعَانِي الْجِسْمِ وَالْمَكَانِ، وَبَيَّنَّا مَا لَا يَجُوزُ نَفْيُهُ عَنْهُ، وَإِنْ سَمَّاهُ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ جِسْمًا وَمَكَانًا، لَكِنْ مَا الدَّلِيلُ عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ لَكَانَ مُحْدَثًا] (٨) وَأَنْتَ (٩) لَمْ تَذْكُرْ دَلِيلًا عَلَى ذَلِكَ؟
(١) ن، م: هُوَ فِي الْمَعْنَى بِمَعْنَى، وَهُوَ تَحْرِيفٌ. (٢) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (٣) ن، م: وَلَا مَخْلُوقَ بَائِنٌ مِنَ الْخَالِقِ. (٤) الْقَائِلُ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (ن) ، (م) . (٥) ن، م: فَوْقَ عَرْشِهِ. (٦) وَالْجَمَاعَةِ: سَاقِطَةٌ مِنْ (أ) ، (ب) . (٧) ن، م: الْمَعْقُولُ. (٨) مَا بَيْنَ الْمَعْقُوفَتَيْنِ سَاقِطٌ مِنْ (ن) فَقَطْ. (٩) ن: فَأَنْتَ ; م: قُلْتَ.

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